Endocan and the respiratory system: a review

Figures & data

Figure 1 Structure of endocan.

Abbreviations: DS, dermatan sulfate; PRR, phenylalanine-rich region.

Table 1 Studies examining the role of endocan in respiratory disorders

Clinical condition	Sample size (N of patients)	Conclusion	References
Lung neoplasms
Various lung neoplasms	50	Endocan induces tumor growth	Scherpereel et al^Citation38
Non-small cell carcinoma	54	Endocan is overexpressed in non-small cell lung tumors	Grigoriu et al^Citation53
Acute lung injury	21	Lower levels of serum endocan are associated with development of ALI in trauma patients	Mikkelsen et al^Citation68
Acute respiratory distress syndrome	42	Endocan can predict disease severity and mortality in patients with ARDS	Tang et al^Citation70
Community-acquired pneumonia	82	Endocan levels correlate with the severity of CAP	Kao et al^Citation73
Obstructive sleep apnea	40	Endocan levels correlate with OSA severity	Altintas et al^Citation74
Pulmonary thromboembolism	46	Endocan levels can be used to determine the severity of PTEs and follow-up thrombolytic therapy	Güzel et al^Citation75

Abbreviations: N, number; ALI, acute lung injury; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; CAP, community-acquired pneumonia; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; PTEs, pulmonary thromboembolisms.

Figure 2 Possible protective role of endocan in ALI/ARDS.

Abbreviations: ALI, acute lung injury; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1; LFA-1, lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1; IL-8, interleukin-8; IL-1, interleukin-1; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; LTN, leukotriene; ROS, reactive oxygen species; PAF, platelet-activating factor.

ScherpereelAGentinaTGrigoriuBOverexpression of endocan induces tumor formationCancer Res200363186084608914522939

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GrigoriuBDDepontieuFScherpereelAEndocan expression and relationship with survival in human non-small cell lung cancerClin Cancer Res200612154575458216899604

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MikkelsenMEShahCVScherpereelALower serum endocan levels are associated with the development of acute lung injury after major traumaJ Crit Care2012275522

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TangLZhaoYWangDEndocan levels in peripheral blood predict outcomes of acute respiratory distress syndromeMediators Inflamm2014201462518025132734

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KaoSJChuangCYTangCHPlasma endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (ESM-1) in management of community-acquired pneumoniaClin Chem Lab Med201452344545124108208

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AltintasNMutluLCAkkoyunDCEffect of CPAP on new endothelial dysfunction marker, endocan, in people with obstructive sleep apneaAngiology201667436437426076702

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GüzelADuranLKöksalNEvaluation of serum endothelial cell specific molecule-1 (endocan) levels as a biomarker in patients with pulmonary thromboembolismBlood Coagul Fibrinolysis201425327227624509328

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