Long-term health-related quality-of-life and symptom response profiles with arformoterol in COPD: results from a 52-week trial

Figures & data

Figure 1 Change in SGRQ scores.

Notes: On this patient-completed measure of health status in COPD, the SGRQ Total score (A) showed overall LS mean improvement of 4.24 points for the arformoterol-treated patients and 2.02 points for the placebo-treated patients (P=0.006). Significantly larger improvements were also observed for the arformoterol- versus placebo-treated patients on the SGRQ Symptoms score (6.33 vs 4.25 points, P=0.031; B) and SGRQ Impacts score (3.91 vs 0.97 points, P=0.001; C) but not on the Activity score (3.57 vs 1.75 points, P=0.057; D). P values in the figure panels represent comparisons for the 3-, 6-, and 9-month visits. LS mean changes from baseline are also shown for 3 and 6 months.
Abbreviations: LS, least squares; SGRQ, St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire.

Figure 2 SGRQ Total score change by percentage change in FEV₁.

Notes: The relationship between SGRQ Total score improvement and percentage change in FEV₁ demonstrates that while the SGRQ Total score improved the most for patients with greatest percentage increases in FEV₁, the numerically greater improvement in SGRQ for arformoterol-treated patients was observed across all but one level of FEV₁ change. The number at the base of each bar represents the n for that group. ^aPlacebo: r=−0.17 (P=0.001). ^bArformoterol: r=−0.12 (P=0.018).
Abbreviations: FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; SGRQ, St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire.

Figure 3 Growth curves of SGRQ Symptoms scores for the two-class solution.

Notes: The two latent classes of differential responders identified by GMM were labeled as responders and nonresponders. SGRQ Symptoms scores were plotted over time for the arformoterol group responders and nonresponders as well as for the placebo group responders and nonresponders.
Abbreviations: GMM, growth mixture model; SGRQ, St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire.

Table 1 Descriptive statistics for baseline characteristics by SGRQ symptoms latent class responder status

Characteristic	Responder latent class (na=563–571)	Nonresponder latent class (na=247–259)	P-value
FEV1, mean (SD)	1.16 (0.49)	1.23 (0.47)	0.0419
Exacerbations, mean (SD)	0.96 (1.29)	0.69 (1.09)	0.0018
SGRQ, mean (SD)
Total	59.81 (14.30)	40.57 (12.99)	<0.0001
Symptoms	75.43 (11.86)	45.97 (11.19)	<0.0001
Impacts	46.13 (18.35)	27.43 (15.21)	<0.0001
Activity	74.54 (16.23)	59.56 (18.60)	<0.0001
CCQ, mean (SD)	3.29 (1.09)	2.05 (0.93)	<0.0001
MMRC Dyspnea Scale score, mean (SD)	3.13 (0.68)	2.75 (0.63)	<0.0001
Age (years), mean (SD)	63.02 (9.4)	65.09 (9.4)	0.0033
Current smoker, n (%)	317 (55.52)	114 (44.02)	0.0021
GOLD status, n (%)
B	450 (79.0)	223 (86.4)	0.0106
D	120 (21.0)	35 (13.6)
Arformoterol treatment (15 µg), n (%)	280 (49.0)	137 (52.9)
Placebo, n (%)	291 (51.0)	122 (47.1)

Notes: Patients had to have MMRC Dyspnea Scale score ≥2 to participate in the study. Latent classes are based on GMM analysis of the SGRQ Symptoms scores.

a Sample sizes vary across characteristics due to missing data.

Abbreviations: CCQ, Clinical COPD Questionnaire; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume (L) in 1 second; GMM, growth mixture model; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; MMRC, Modified Medical Research Council; SGRQ, St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire.

Figure 4 Change in mean FEV₁, exacerbations, and hospitalizations for latent class responders treated with arformoterol versus latent class responders treated with placebo.

Notes: (A) The arformoterol-treated responders exhibited significantly greater improvements in FEV₁ (0.09 vs 0.008, P=0.03). (B) The arformoterol and placebo responders demonstrated a similar mean number of exacerbations (0.55 vs 0.69, P>0.05). (C) The arformoterol-treated responders had significantly fewer hospitalizations (0.13 vs 0.24, P=0.02).
Abbreviation: FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second.