The clinical implication of serum cyclophilin A in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Figures & data

Table 1 Basic characteristics of the study population

Parameter	COPD	Control	P-value
Number	93	88
Age (years)	63.9±7.29	62.7±5.29	0.232
Gender (male %)	77.4	78.4	0.873
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	23.4±3.76	24.2±2.59	0.107
Never smokers (%)	32.3	37.5	0.459
Smoking index (pack-years)*	46.8±23.0	43.3±26.5	0.447
Hypertension (%)	18.3	15.9	0.672
Course of disease (years)	10 (4.5–13.5)	NA
Hospitalization time (days)	8 (7–11)	NA
Medication
Inhaled bronchodilators (%)	100	0	NA
Inhaled corticosteroids (%)	55.9	0	NA

Notes: Data are expressed as mean ± SD or percentage or median (interquartile range).

* Includes current and former smokers.

Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NA, not applicable.

Figure 1 Pulmonary function of convalescent COPD patients (n=93) and healthy controls (n=88).

Notes: The parameters of pulmonary function including FVC% predicted (A), FEV₁% predicted (B) and FEV₁/FVC (C) were collected. Data are mean ± SD. *P<0.05.
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity.

Figure 2 Inflammation indexes in COPD patients with exacerbation and convalescence phases (n=93) and healthy controls (n=88).

Notes: Serum levels of CyPA (A), hsCRP (B), IL-6 (C) and MMP-9 (D) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and values of WBC (E) and neutrophil% (F) were determined by an autoanalyser. *P<0.05 versus the exacerbated COPD patients, and **P<0.05 versus the convalescent COPD patients.
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CyPA, cyclophilin A; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin-6; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase-9; WBC, white blood cells.

Table 2 Partial correlation coefficients of CyPA with laboratory parameters in exacerbated COPD

Variables	r	P-value
hsCRP	0.442	<0.001
IL-6	0.343	0.001
MMP-9	0.749	<0.001
WBC	0.386	<0.001
Neutrophil%	0.254	0.017

Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CyPA, cyclophilin A; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin-6; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase-9; WBC, white blood cells.

Table 3 Partial correlation coefficients of CyPA with laboratory parameters in convalescent COPD

Variables	r	P-value
hsCRP	0.441	<0.001
IL-6	0.307	0.004
MMP-9	0.778	<0.001
WBC	0.197	0.067
Neutrophil%	0.164	0.128
FVC (% predicted)	−0.154	0.154
FEV1 (% predicted)	−0.271	0.011
FEV1/FVC	−0.291	0.006

Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CyPA, cyclophilin A; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin-6; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase-9; WBC, white blood cells; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second.

Table 4 Multivariate linear regression of COPD patients with CyPA as the dependent variable

Variables	Nonstandard coefficient	Standard coefficient	t	P-value
Constant	4.759		8.328	0.000
Age	0.008	0.072	1.112	0.268
Gender	0.138	0.072	0.895	0.372
Body mass index	0.005	0.023	0.390	0.697
Smoking status	0.136	0.128	1.631	0.105
Course of disease	0.000	−0.010	−0.162	0.871
Hypertension	0.152	0.073	1.174	0.242
Disease status	−0.954	−0.591	−10.186	0.000

Notes: Definition of gender: male =1, female =2; smoking status: current smokers =1, former smokers =2, never smokers =3; hypertension: presence of hypertension =1, nonpresence of hypertension =2; disease status: exacerbated COPD =1, convalescent COPD=2.

Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CyPA, cyclophilin A.