The effect of conjugated linoleic acid on oxidative stress and matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in patients with COPD

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic information of the COPD patients (n=90)

Variables	Supplement group (n =45)		Placebo group (n=45)		p-value
	Number	Percentage	Number	Percentage
Job					p>0.05 (NS)
Employee	10	22.22	11	24.44
Farmer	20	44.22	15	33.33
Worker	5	11.11	4	8.88
Baker	2	4.44	2	4.44
Carpet weaver	1	2.22	1	2.22
Other	7	15.55	12	26.66
Education level					p>0.05 (NS)
Illiterate	20	44.44	18	40
Less than a high school diploma	17	37.7	18	40
Diploma of high school	8	17.8	8	17.8
Academic	0	0	1	2.2
Place of residence					p>0.05 (NS)
Urban	35	77.7	33	73.3
Rural	10	22.2	12	26.66

Abbreviation: NS, not significant.

Table 2 Risk factors related to the COPD patients and their comparison between the two groups

Variables	Supplement group (n=45)		Placebo group (n=45)		p-value
	Number	Percentage	Number	Percentage
Having history of smoking cessation					>0.05 (NS)
Positive	12	26.7	20	44.4
Negative	33	73.3	25	55.6
Having history of baking bread					>0.05 (NS)
Positive	2	4.44	1	2.22
Negative	43	95.5	44	97.7
Having history of exacerbation					>0.05 (NS)
Positive	25	55.5	24	53.3
Negative	20	44.4	21	46.6

Abbreviation: NS, not significant.

Table 3 The average level of MDA in the supplement and control groups

Variables	Measurement stage	Supplement group (n=45)	Placebo group (n=45)	p-value
MDA	At the beginning	0.23±0.10	0.22±0.12	0.07
(nmol/mL)	At the end	0.15±0.13	0.27±0.17	0.08
p-value		0.0004*	0.3

Notes:

* p<0.05 in paired sample t-test vs baseline. The data are presented as mean ± SD.

Abbreviation: MDA, malondialdehyde.

Table 4 The average serum levels of MMP2 and MMP9 in the supplement and placebo groups

Variables	Measurement stage	Supplement group (n=45)	Placebo group (n=45)	p-value
MMP2	At the beginning	986.27±108	996.27±75	0.6
(ng/mL)	At the end	980.33±100	1005±77	0.19
p-value		0.11	0.16
MMP9	At the beginning	827±113	849±149	0.4
(ng/mL)	At the end	735±104	875±135	0.00a
p-value		0.001b	0.001b

Notes:

a p<0.05 in independent samples t-test between two groups;

b p<0.05 in paired sample t-test vs baseline. The data are presented as mean ± SD.

Abbreviation: MMP, matrix metalloproteinase.