The impacts of morning, daytime, and nighttime symptoms on disease burden in real-world patients with COPD

Figures & data

Table 1 Patient demographics and clinical characteristicsa

	Overall (N=8,844)
DSP wave, n (%)
2012	2,176 (24.6)
2013	2,180 (24.6)
2014	2,209 (25.0)
2016	2,279 (25.8)
Mean age, years (SD)b	66.3 (10.3)
Male, n (%)	6,115 (69.2)
Mean body mass index, kg/m^2 (SD)	26.6 (4.6)
Smoking status, n (%)
Current smoker	2,763 (33.4)
Ex-smoker	5,514 (66.6)
Mean postbronchodilator FEV1, % predicted (SD)	62.3 (17.7)
GOLD group (2017), n (%)
A	468 (10.3)
B	2,419 (53.2)
C	47 (1.0)
D	1,615 (35.5)
Current prescribed therapy, n (%)
SABA, SAMA, or SABA/SAMA	332 (3.8)
LABA alone	409 (4.7)
LAMA alone	1,798 (20.6)
ICS alone	190 (2.2)
ICS+LABAc	1,431 (16.4)
ICS+LAMAd	88 (1.0)
LABA+LAMAc	1,029 (11.8)
ICS+LABA+LAMAe	3,264 (37.5)
Other	172 (2.0)

Notes:

a Data shown are for patients with evaluable data for each characteristic.

b For calculation of descriptive statistics, patients reported to be >90 years of age (0.8%) were assumed to be 90 years of age, in order to protect patient identity.

c In one or two devices.

d In two devices.

e In two or three devices.

Abbreviations: DSP, Disease Specific Programme; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; GOLD, Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; LABA, long-acting β₂-agonist; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonist; SABA, short-acting β₂-agonist; SAMA, short-acting muscarinic antagonist.

Figure 1 Percentage of patients experiencing symptoms (previous 4 weeks), by time of day of symptoms.

Abbreviations: D only, daytime only; D/N only, day and nighttime only; M/D only, morning and daytime only; M/D/N, morning, daytime, and nighttime; M, N, or M/N only, morning or nighttime, or morning and nighttime only.

Figure 2 Mean number of (A) PCP consultations or (B) pulmonologist consultations (last 12 months).

Note: ^ap-values for comparisons generated by Bonferroni-adjusted Mann–Whitney U-test.
Abbreviations: D only, daytime only; D/N only, day and nighttime only; M/D only, morning and daytime only; M/D/N, morning, daytime, and nighttime; M, N, or M/N only, morning or nighttime, or morning and nighttime only; NS, nonsignificant; PCP, primary care physician.

Figure 3 Mean exacerbations leading to (A) ER visits or (B) hospital admissions (last 12 months).

Note: ^ap-values for comparisons generated by Bonferroni-adjusted Mann–Whitney U-test.
Abbreviations: D only, daytime only; D/N only, day and nighttime only; ER, emergency room; M/D only, morning and daytime only; M/D/N, morning, daytime, and nighttime; M, N, or M/N only, morning or nighttime, or morning and nighttime only; NS, nonsignificant.

Figure 4 Mean cumulative (A) inpatient nights and (B) intensive care nights as a result of exacerbations.

Note: ^ap-values for comparisons generated by Bonferroni-adjusted Mann–Whitney U-test.
Abbreviations: D only, daytime only; D/N only, day and nighttime only; M/D only, morning and daytime only; M/D/N, morning, daytime, and nighttime; M, N, or M/N only, morning or nighttime, or morning and nighttime only; NS, nonsignificant.

Figure 5 Mean percentage of (A) overall work impairment and (B) activity impairment as measured by WPAI:SHP questionnaire.^b

Notes: ^ap-values for comparisons generated by Bonferroni-adjusted Mann–Whitney U-test. ^bWork impairment-related questions were answered by employed patients only, resulting in a smaller patient base.
Abbreviations: D only, daytime only; D/N only, day and nighttime only; M/D only, morning and daytime only; M/D/N, morning, daytime, and nighttime; M, N, or M/N only, morning or nighttime, or morning and nighttime only; NS, nonsignificant; WPAI:SHP, Work Productivity and Activity Impairment: Specific Health Problem.

Figure 6 Mean CAT score.

Note: ^ap-values for comparisons generated by Bonferroni-adjusted Mann–Whitney U-test.
Abbreviations: CAT, COPD Assessment Test; D only, daytime only; D/N only, day and nighttime only; M/D only, morning and daytime only; M/D/N, morning, daytime, and nighttime; M, N, or M/N only, morning or nighttime, or morning and nighttime only; NS, nonsignificant.

Figure 7 Mean (A) EQ-5D-3L and (B) EQ-VAS scores.

Note: ^ap-values for comparisons generated by Bonferroni-adjusted Mann–Whitney U-test.
Abbreviations: D only, daytime only; D/N only, day and nighttime only; EQ-5D-3L, EuroQol 5-dimension 3-level questionnaire; EQ-VAS, EuroQol visual analog scale; M/D only, morning and daytime only; M/D/N, morning, daytime, and nighttime; M, N, or M/N only, morning or nighttime, or morning and nighttime only; NS, nonsignificant.

Figure 8 (A) Mean JSEQ score and (B) patient-reported impact of COPD on patients’ sleep.

Note: ^ap-values for comparisons generated by Bonferroni-adjusted Mann–Whitney U-test.
Abbreviations: D only, daytime only; D/N only, day and nighttime only; JSEQ, Jenkins Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire; M/D only, morning and daytime only; M/D/N, morning, daytime, and nighttime; M, N, or M/N only, morning or nighttime, or morning and nighttime only; NS, nonsignificant.