Effects of YuPingFeng granules on acute exacerbations of COPD: a randomized, placebo-controlled study

Figures & data

Figure 1 Patient enrollment distribution diagram.

Table 1 Comparison of demographic data and baseline conditions between the two groups

Item	Description	Study group		Statistics	P-value
		YuPingFeng group	Placebo group
Sex	Male	109 (90.8%)	104 (86.7%)	1.043	0.307
Age (years)		67.54±7.37	68.08±7.37	0.566	0.572
Height (cm)		165.11±7.09	164.47±7.11	0.704	0.482
Weight (kg)		60.83±11.28	61.01±10.45	0.131	0.896
BMI (kg/m^2)		22.25±3.53	22.54±3.49	0.623	0.534
CAT score		15.18±7.42	15.13±6.88	0.063	0.950
Smoking history	Smoking	57 (47.5%)	53 (44.2%)	0.269	0.604
Pulmonary function mean ± SD	FEV1 (L)	1.17±0.35	1.13±0.38	1.201	0.230
	FVC (L)	2.36±0.67	2.36±0.74	0.352	0.725
	FEV1/FVC (%)	50.85±11.23	49.25±11.05	0.917	0.359
Number of exacerbations in the past year	All exacerbations	1.88±0.61	1.94±0.75	−0.338	0.736
	Grade II and above exacerbations	1.51±0.88	1.57±0.92	−0.460	0.645
	Grade III exacerbations	0.53±0.67	0.64±0.76	−1.060	0.289
Basic treatment	β2 receptor agonist	36 (30.0%)	41 (34.2%)	0.478	0.489
	Anticholinergic agent	50 (41.7%)	50 (41.7%)	0.000	1.000
	Theophylline	39 (32.5%)	43 (35.8%)	0.296	0.586
	Inhaled glucocorticoids	48 (40.0%)	50 (41.7%)	0.069	0.793
	Mucolytics	34 (28.3%)	29 (24.2%)	0.538	0.463
	Antitussives	5 (4.2%)	2 (1.7%)	1.324	0.250
	Others	26 (21.7%)	29 (24.2%)	0.212	0.645

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CAT, COPD assessment test.

Figure 2 Comparison of time to exacerbation event in patient receiving YuPingFeng or placebo.

Notes: (A) Comparison of time to first exacerbation. (B) Comparison of time to second exacerbation.
Abbreviation: YPF, YuPingFeng.

Table 2 Intragroup and intergroup comparison of CAT scores in the two groups

CAT score	YuPingFeng group	Placebo group	P-value
Baseline	15.13±7.50	15.13±6.88
52 weeks	10.30±6.31	12.95±5.99	<0.001
Difference value	−4.41±7.01	-2.49±5.31	0.001

Note: Data presented as mean ± SD.

Abbreviation: CAT, COPD assessment test.

Table 3 Statistical description of pulmonary function indices of the two groups

Index	Visit	Group	N	Mean	SD	P-value
FEV1	Baseline	YuPingFeng	120	1.17	0.35	–
		Placebo	120	1.13	0.38	–
	52 weeks	YuPingFeng	97	1.21	0.49	0.417
		Placebo	87	1.15	0.40	0.779
FVC	Baseline	YuPingFeng	120	2.36	0.67	–
		Placebo	120	2.36	0.74	–
	52 weeks	YuPingFeng	97	2.36	0.71	0.677
		Placebo	87	2.34	0.65	0.412
FEV1/FVC%	Baseline	YuPingFeng	120	50.85	11.23	–
		Placebo	120	49.25	11.05	–
	52 weeks	YuPingFeng	97	51.68	13.61	0.507
		Placebo	87	49.59	11.94	0.920

Abbreviations: FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity.

Table 4 Comparison of drug-related adverse reactions between the two groups

	YuPingFeng group (120 patients)	Placebo group (120 patients)
Gingivitis	2	2
Toothache	1
Dizziness	2
Insomnia		2
AECOPD	1	3
Pharyngitis		3
Dry throat		1
Cough		1
Excessive phlegm		1
Impaired vision		1
Back pain		1
Diarrhea		3
Constipation		2
Gastritis		2

Abbreviation: AECOPD, acute exacerbations of COPD.