Influence of the type of emphysema in the relationship between COPD and lung cancer

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flowchart of patients included in the study.

Abbreviations: CT, computed tomography; LC, lung cancer.

Table 1 Characteristics of cases (COPD + LC) and controls (COPD) with emphysema

Variable	Cases (LC + COPD) with emphysema (n=139)	Controls (COPD) with emphysema (n=56)	P-value
Sex, male (%)	122 (87.8)	44 (78.6)	0.07
Age, years ± SD	68.5±9.3	65.4±10.3	0.05
Pack-years ± SD	55.9±26.9	49.6±22.1	0.11
Laboral exposure (%)	51 (38.6)	19 (33.9)	0.36
FEV1% ± SD	62.7±18.8	58.2±20.1	0.19
DLCO% ± SD	57.4±14.8	58.9±18.4	0.07
GOLD III–IV (%)	39 (28.1)	19 (33.9)	0.27
GOLD C–D (%)	15 (10.8)	7 (12.5)	0.46
Exacerbators (%)	13 (9.4)	7 (12.5)	0.34
Paraseptal emphysema (alone or combined) (%)	80 (57.5)	25 (44.6)	0.07
Centrolobulillar emphysema (alone or combined) (%)	101 (72.6)	38 (67.8)	0.31
>2 lobes with emphysema (%)	131 (94.2)	54 (96.4)	0.41
SSLL with emphysema (%)	131 (94.2)	42 (75)	<0.001
>50% of emphysema (%)	34 (24.5)	18 (32.1)	0.23
BMI <25 kg/m^2 (%)	64 (46.1)	21 (37.5)	0.14
CAT ± DE	10.4±6.6	10.6±7.1	0.84
BODEx ± DE	1.8±1.7	2.1±1.6	0.28
Charlson ± DE	2.6±1.7	2.3±1.7	0.27

Note: Results are expressed as “n and (%)” for qualitative variables and as “mean ± SD” for quantitative variables.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CAT, COPD assessment test; DLCO, carbon dioxide diffusion capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in the first second; GOLD, Global Initiative of chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; LC, lung cancer; SSLL, superior lobes.

Table 2 Comorbidities of cases (COPD + LC) and controls (COPD) with emphysema

Variable	Cases (LC + COPD) with emphysema (n=139)	Controls (COPD) with emphysema (n=56)
Previous lung disease, n (%)	55 (39.6)	5 (8.9)
Previous COPD, n (%)	50 (36)	5 (8.9)
Heart disease, n (%)	80 (57)	24 (42.8)
Ischemic, n (%)	44 (31.6)	15 (26.8)
Arrhythmia, n (%)	24 (17.4)	5 (8.9)
Congestive heart failure, n (%)	12 (8.6)	4 (7.1)
Peripheric vascular disease, n (%)	40 (28.8)	8 (14.3)
Cerebrovascular disease, n (%)	5 (3.6)	1 (1.8)
Dementia, n (%)	9 (6.5)	3 (5.3)
Peptic ulcer, n (%)	10 (7.2)	0 (0)
Liver disease, n (%)	6 (4.3)	3 (5.3)
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	49 (35.2)	12 (21.4)
Renal disease, n (%)	2 (1.4)	4 (7.1)
Previous neoplasm, n (%)	20 (14.4)	16 (28.6)

Abbreviation: LC, lung cancer.

Figure 2 Emphysema distribution between cases and controls.

Table 3 Multivariant analysis relating cases (COPD + LC) and controls (COPD) with emphysema

Variable	OR (95% CI)	P-value
Sex (male)	1.63 (0.58–4.54)	0.35
Age	1.03 (0.99–1.07)	0.16
BMI <25 kg/m^2	0.56 (0.27–1.24)	0.58
Pack-years	1.01 (0.99–1.02)	0.25
Paraseptal emphysema (alone or combined)	2.17 (1.09–4.30)	0.03

Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index.