Prevalence of malnutrition in COPD and its relationship with the parameters related to disease severity

Figures & data

Table 1 Distribution of the patients according to age groups, mMRC scores, the GOLD categories, and exacerbation status

Age (years)	n	%
40–49	7	6.7
50–59	23	21.9
60–69	38	36.2
70–79	30	28.6
80 and above	7	6.7
mMRC dyspnea scale score
0	0	0.0
1	33	31.4
2	23	21.9
3	20	19.0
4	28	26.7
GOLD category
A	18	17.1
B	14	13.3
C	15	14.3
D	58	55.2
Exacerbation status
Frequent exacerbations	73	69.5
Infrequent exacerbations	32	30.5

Abbreviations: GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council.

Table 2 Spirometric variables according to patients’ nutritional status

SFT	Normal	Patients at risk for malnutrition	Patients with malnutrition	P-value
FEV1 (mL)	1,602.6±675.7	1,483.1±664.6	846.1±240.2	0.001
FVC (mL)	2,692.3±879.3	2,577.5±832.0	1,773.0±431.9	0.008
FEV1/FVC	57.8±11.4	55.3±11.0	46.2±10.3	0.004
FEF25–75 (mL)	931.0±586.8	832.0±600.6	393.3±19.0	0.003

Notes: Presentation of data is mean and standard deviation. P-values shown in bold are statistically significant.

Abbreviation: FEF, average forced expiratory flow during the mid (25%–75%) portion of the FVC.

Table 3 Correlations between muscle volume in the trunk region and amount of tissue other than fat and spirometric variables

Spirometric variables	Muscle volume in the trunk region		Fat-free body mass
	r	P-value	r	P-value
FEV1	0.394	<0.001	0.393	<0.001
FVC	0.354	<0.001	0.354	<0.001
FEV1/FVC	0.289	0.004	0.285	0.004
FEF%25/75	0.294	0.003	0.293	0.003

Note: P-values shown in bold are statistically significant.

Abbreviation: FEF, average forced expiratory flow during the mid (25%–75%) portion of the FVC.

Table 4 Relationship between average amount of nutrient intake and skeletal body mass

Nutrient intake	Body muscle mass (kg)		Skeletal muscle mass (kg)
	r	P-value	r	P-value
Daily amount of protein intake (g)	+0.997	<0.001	+0.995	<0.001
Daily amount of carbohydrate intake (g)	−0.045	0.693	-0.045	0.693
Daily amount of fat intake (g)	+0.028	0.805	+0.028	0.802

Note: P-value and r values shown in bold are statistically significant.

Table 5 Logistic regression analysis for the parameters related to malnutrition

Parameters	Malnutrition
	β	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P-value
mMRC dyspnea scale	3.131	22.888 (2.103–249.065)	0.010
Comorbidity	1.946	7.004 (1.036–47.361)	0.046
Exacerbation status	1.451	0.234 (0.021–2.592)	0.237
Disease duration	1.570	0.208 (0.043–1.016)	0.052
FEV1/FVC	−0.107	0.898 (0.826–0.977)	0.012

Note: P-values shown in bold are statistically significant.

Abbreviation: mMRC, modified Medical Research Council.