Digitalizing multidisciplinary pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD with a smartphone application: an international observational pilot study

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flow diagram of the user database and study users.

Table 1 List of contraindications as mentioned in the app

List of contraindications
• Acute myocardial infarction (within 2 days)
• Ongoing unstable angina or chest pain that comes irregularly
• Uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmia with hemodynamic compromise
• Active infection of your heart valves (endocarditis)
• Symptomatic tightening of your aortic valve (stenosis)
• Decompensated heart failure
• Acute pulmonary embolism, pulmonary infarction, or deep vein thrombosis
• Acute aortic dissection
• Physical disability that precludes safe and adequate exercising
• Active infection
• Unexplained other cardiovascular complaints (palpitations, leg edema, cough)
• Lower limb paralysis

Figure 2 Screenshots of the Kaia COPD App.

Table 2 Demographic properties of all included patients and those who finished the 20-day program and completed the follow-up questionnaire

	All users	Finishers 20-day program (baseline)	Nonfinishers 20-day program (baseline)	P (between finishers and nonfinishers)
Number (%)	56	34 (61)	18 (39)
Female	45 (80)	26 (76)	15 (83)	0.560
Mean age (years)	57.5 (±7.8)	59.6 (±8.4)	56.3 (±6.2)	0.119
Mean height (cm)	166 (±8.7)	167 (±9.3)	166 (±8.7)	0.526
Mean weight (kg)	73.5 (±24.6)	82.2 (±28.9)	74.8 (±15.9)	0.306
Average CAT score	22.4 (±7.6)	21.6 (±7.6)	24.5 (±7.3)	0.167

Note: P-values are nonpaired t-tests between groups.

Abbreviation: CAT, COPD assessment test.

Figure 3 The box-plot shows CAT scores in patients finishing the program at baseline and after completion of the 20-day program.

Abbreviations: CAT, COPD assessment test; MCID, minimum clinically important difference.

Figure 4 The box-plot shows CRQ scores in patients finishing the program at baseline (D0) and after completion (D20) of the 20-day program in the four domains: dyspnea, fatigue, emotional function, and mastery. Mean are shown with an x and the minimum clinically important difference for the CRQ score (0.5 change from baseline) is depicted.

Abbreviations: CRQ, Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire; MCID, minimum clinically important difference.