COPD characteristics and socioeconomic burden in Hellenic correctional institutions

Figures & data

Table 1 Participants’ sociodemographic, anthropometric, and imprisonment characteristics

N=552	Median	Interquartile range
Age (years)	43.0	35.0–53.0
Weight (kg)	81.0	71.0–91.0
Height (cm)	175.0	170.0–180.0
BMI (kg/m^2)	26.6	23.9–29.3
	n	%
Sex
Male/female	504/48	91.3/8.7
Age group
30 to <40 years	216	39.1
>40 to <50 years	156	28.3
>50 to <60 years	121	21.9
60+ years	59	10.7
Nationality
Greek/others	437/115	79.2/20.8
Marital status
Married	231	41.8
Single	175	31.7
Divorced or separated	129	23.4
Widowed	17	3.1
Educational level
Illiterate	22	4.0
Primary education	134	24.3
Junior high school graduate	145	26.3
Senior high school graduate	153	27.7
Tertiary education	98	17.7
Sentence length (years)
<2	265	48.0
2–9.9	106	19.2
≥10	181	32.8
Length of stay in the correctional institution (years)
<2	258	46.7
2–4.9	152	27.5
≥5	142	25.7
Work in the correctional institution
Yes	276	50.0
No	276	50.0

Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index.

Table 2 COPD characteristics and vital signs

N=552	Median	Interquartile range
FEV1 prebronchodilation (%)	96.0	85.0–106.0
FEV1 postbronchodilation (%)	98.5	88.0–109.0
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	128.0	115.5–140.0
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	80.0	73.0–90.0
Heart rate (bpm)	78.0	70.0–85.0
Oxygen saturation (%)	98.0	97.0–98.0
	n	%
COPD diagnosis	33	6.0
Newly diagnosed	18	3.3
Previously diagnosed	15	2.7
Years since diagnosis (n=15)
1	1	6.7
2	3	20.0
4	1	13.3
7	2	13.3
10	2	6.7
12	1	6.7
20	1	6.7
25	1	6.7
30	2	13.3
40	1	6.7
COPD stage (GOLD 2009 criteria) (n =33)
I	12	36.4
II	17	51.5
III	4	12.1
Chronic bronchitis	24	4.3
Pulmonary emphysema	3	0.5
Number of exacerbations in the previous year (n =15)
1	1	2.2
2	3	6.7
3	4	8.9
4	1	2.2
≥5	6	13.3
Hospitalizations due to COPD (n=7)
1	3	7.5
2	1	2.5
3	1	2.5
5	1	2.5
6	1	2.5

Abbreviations: FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; GOLD, Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease.

Figure 1 Prevalence of COPD and patient characteristics.

Notes: (A) Prevalence of COPD in each detention premise. 1: male section of Korydallos, Athens (n=250), 2: female section of Korydallos, Athens (n=50), 3: detention premise of Halkida (n=60), 4: detention premise of Patra (n=58), 5: detention premise of Amfissa (n=81), 6: detention premise of Larisa (n=38), and 7: detention premise of Volos (n=15). (B) Prevalence of COPD according to age (years). The distribution of the participants per age group was as follows: 30–39.9 years (n=216), 40–49.9 years (n=156), 50–59.9 years (n=121), and ≥60 years (n=59). (C) Prevalence of COPD according to the length of stay in the detention premise. The distribution of the participants per length of stay in the detention premise was as follows: <2 years (n=258), 2–4.9 years (n=152), and ≥5 years (n=142). (D) Prevalence of COPD according to sentence length. The distribution of the participants per sentence length was as follows: <2 years (n=265), 2–9.9 years (n=106), and ≥10 years (n=181).
Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.

Figure 2 Participants with problems/no problems in each of the EQ-5D (N=552).

Abbreviation: EQ-5D, EuroQoL Group’s five dimension.