Figures & data
Figure 1 Flow diagram summarizing the study selection process.
Abbreviaiton: RCT, randomized controlled trial.
![Figure 1 Flow diagram summarizing the study selection process.Abbreviaiton: RCT, randomized controlled trial.](/cms/asset/0399594e-ded0-400a-9e43-cd184ddc3713/dcop_a_90812_f0001_b.jpg)
Table 1 Characteristics of the trials and their populations
Table 2 Summary of risk of bias
Table 3 Effect of single components on HRQoL and hospital admissions
Table 4 Effect of different multicomponent self-management intervention compared to usual care on hospital admissions
Table 5 Effect of different multicomponent self-management intervention compared to usual care on HRQoL
Figure 2 HRQoL (SGRQ) outcomes for multicomponent self-management intervention versus usual care.
Abbreviations: ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; CI, confidence interval; HRQoL, health-related quality of life; Int, intervention group; Cont, control group; SGRQ, St George’s respiratory questionnaire; UC, usual care.
![Figure 2 HRQoL (SGRQ) outcomes for multicomponent self-management intervention versus usual care.](/cms/asset/26009428-f7bd-4060-b734-e3d81e77ed62/dcop_a_90812_f0002_b.jpg)
Figure S1 HRQoL (SGRQ) at final follow-up for comparisons assessing the effects of one additional component of self-management.
Abbreviations: ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; CI, confidence interval; HRQoL, health-related quality of life; SGRQ, St George’s respiratory questionnaire; Int, intervention group; Cont, control group.
![Figure S1 HRQoL (SGRQ) at final follow-up for comparisons assessing the effects of one additional component of self-management.Abbreviations: ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; CI, confidence interval; HRQoL, health-related quality of life; SGRQ, St George’s respiratory questionnaire; Int, intervention group; Cont, control group.](/cms/asset/8031babc-5cc4-4759-b339-146089f41ee0/dcop_a_90812_sf0001_c.jpg)
Figure S2 HRQoL (CRQ) at final follow-up for comparisons assessing the effects of one additional component of self-management.
Note: D = rehabilitation (traditional and modern) + qigong + breathing training + limb training vs modern rehabilitation + breathing training + limb training.
Abbreviations: ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; CI, confidence interval; HRQoL, health-related quality of life; CRQ, Chronic Respiratory disease Questionnaire.
![Figure S2 HRQoL (CRQ) at final follow-up for comparisons assessing the effects of one additional component of self-management.Note: D = rehabilitation (traditional and modern) + qigong + breathing training + limb training vs modern rehabilitation + breathing training + limb training.Abbreviations: ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; CI, confidence interval; HRQoL, health-related quality of life; CRQ, Chronic Respiratory disease Questionnaire.](/cms/asset/c0c2f70b-004c-4af8-b99e-b0f285f0361c/dcop_a_90812_sf0002_c.jpg)
Figure S3 HRQoL (SGRQ) outcomes for exercise-only interventions versus usual care/sham intervention.
Note: *The control group that has been halved in size (split between two comparisons). A = t’ai chi qigong vs control. B = exercise vs control.
Abbreviations: ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; CI, confidence interval; HRQoL, health-related quality of life; SGRQ, St George’s respiratory questionnaire.
![Figure S3 HRQoL (SGRQ) outcomes for exercise-only interventions versus usual care/sham intervention.Note: *The control group that has been halved in size (split between two comparisons). A = t’ai chi qigong vs control. B = exercise vs control.Abbreviations: ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; CI, confidence interval; HRQoL, health-related quality of life; SGRQ, St George’s respiratory questionnaire.](/cms/asset/e28a5c45-16f6-410a-9650-deb27ad2908a/dcop_a_90812_sf0003_c.jpg)
Figure S4 Hospital admissions for multicomponent self-management interventions versus usual care.
Notes: B = exercise vs control. ^Several papers are represented by this lead publication.
Abbreviations: ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.
![Figure S4 Hospital admissions for multicomponent self-management interventions versus usual care.Notes: B = exercise vs control. ^Several papers are represented by this lead publication.Abbreviations: ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.](/cms/asset/0921d770-aa7a-4f1c-a556-e22dba9bd45b/dcop_a_90812_sf0004_c.jpg)
Figure S5 HRQoL (CRQ) outcomes for multicomponent self-management intervention versus usual care.
Note: A = rehabilitation (traditional and modern) + qigong + breathing training + limb training vs UC.
Abbreviations: ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; CI, confidence interval; HRQoL, health-related quality of life; CRQ, Chronic Respiratory disease Questionnaire; UC, usual care.
![Figure S5 HRQoL (CRQ) outcomes for multicomponent self-management intervention versus usual care.Note: A = rehabilitation (traditional and modern) + qigong + breathing training + limb training vs UC.Abbreviations: ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; CI, confidence interval; HRQoL, health-related quality of life; CRQ, Chronic Respiratory disease Questionnaire; UC, usual care.](/cms/asset/07d203c3-bbe6-49ee-ac09-d5796811e2e9/dcop_a_90812_sf0005_c.jpg)
Figure S6 HRQoL (SGRQ) outcomes for multicomponent self-management interventions including supervised exercise versus usual care/control.
Notes: B = exercise vs control. ^Several papers are represented by this lead publication.
Abbreviations: ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; CI, confidence interval; HRQoL, health-related quality of life; SGRQ, St George’s respiratory questionnaire.
![Figure S6 HRQoL (SGRQ) outcomes for multicomponent self-management interventions including supervised exercise versus usual care/control.Notes: B = exercise vs control. ^Several papers are represented by this lead publication.Abbreviations: ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; CI, confidence interval; HRQoL, health-related quality of life; SGRQ, St George’s respiratory questionnaire.](/cms/asset/238212dd-2b1e-4508-a761-ceb80400e75e/dcop_a_90812_sf0006_c.jpg)
Figure S7 HRQoL (CRQ) outcomes for multicomponent self-management interventions including supervised exercise versus usual care/control.
Note: A = rehabilitation (traditional and modern) + qigong + breathing training + limb training vs UC.
Abbreviations: ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; CI, confidence interval; HRQoL, health-related quality of life; CRQ, Chronic Respiratory disease Questionnaire; UC, usual care.
![Figure S7 HRQoL (CRQ) outcomes for multicomponent self-management interventions including supervised exercise versus usual care/control.Note: A = rehabilitation (traditional and modern) + qigong + breathing training + limb training vs UC.Abbreviations: ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; CI, confidence interval; HRQoL, health-related quality of life; CRQ, Chronic Respiratory disease Questionnaire; UC, usual care.](/cms/asset/ad1fdc36-4d04-4b6c-ac5a-bef764f67d38/dcop_a_90812_sf0007_c.jpg)
Figure S8 HRQoL (SGRQ) outcomes for multicomponent self-management interventions with structured, unsupervised exercise versus usual care/control.
Abbreviations: ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; CI, confidence interval; HRQoL, health-related quality of life; SGRQ, St George’s respiratory questionnaire.
![Figure S8 HRQoL (SGRQ) outcomes for multicomponent self-management interventions with structured, unsupervised exercise versus usual care/control.Abbreviations: ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; CI, confidence interval; HRQoL, health-related quality of life; SGRQ, St George’s respiratory questionnaire.](/cms/asset/00166c8e-c45f-4e63-a558-6fb6cb6c96e3/dcop_a_90812_sf0008_c.jpg)
Figure S9 HRQoL (SGRQ) outcomes for multicomponent self-management interventions with exercise counseling only versus usual care/control.
Note: ^Several papers are represented by this lead publication.
Abbreviations: ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; CI, confidence interval; HRQoL, health-related quality of life; SGRQ, St George’s respiratory questionnaire.
![Figure S9 HRQoL (SGRQ) outcomes for multicomponent self-management interventions with exercise counseling only versus usual care/control.Note: ^Several papers are represented by this lead publication.Abbreviations: ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; CI, confidence interval; HRQoL, health-related quality of life; SGRQ, St George’s respiratory questionnaire.](/cms/asset/aed23798-c3f8-4917-9f1b-68e77b1d58bd/dcop_a_90812_sf0009_c.jpg)
Figure S10 HRQoL (SGRQ) outcomes for multicomponent self-management interventions without an exercise element versus usual care/control.
Notes: *The control group that has been halved in size (split between two comparisons). A = nurse-assisted collaborative management vs UC; B = nurse-assisted medical management vs UC.
Abbreviations: ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; CI, confidence interval; HRQoL, health-related quality of life; SGRQ, St George’s respiratory questionnaire; UC, usual care.
![Figure S10 HRQoL (SGRQ) outcomes for multicomponent self-management interventions without an exercise element versus usual care/control.Notes: *The control group that has been halved in size (split between two comparisons). A = nurse-assisted collaborative management vs UC; B = nurse-assisted medical management vs UC.Abbreviations: ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; CI, confidence interval; HRQoL, health-related quality of life; SGRQ, St George’s respiratory questionnaire; UC, usual care.](/cms/asset/421dc551-3b1c-44a2-904e-67ac9223df91/dcop_a_90812_sf0010_c.jpg)
Table S1 Definitions of components of self-management
Table S2 Content of interventions by the number of components within the self-management package