In vitro modeling of COPD inflammation and limitation of p38 inhibitor – SB203580

Figures & data

Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of the study population

Characteristics	Healthy control subjects	GOLD B subjects	GOLD C subjects	GOLD D subjects
n	15	19	23	24
Male, n (%)	9 (60)	14 (73)	16 (69.5)	15 (62.5)
Average age (years)	66.1±8.5	71.3±3.2	72.6±4.9	72.6±6.3
FEV1%	86.15±3.59	66.56±7.68	40.50±4.81	23.71±3.11
hs-CRP	15.74±4.86	13.72±3.78	35.61±11.16	51.41±14.03
WBC (10^9/L)	5.12±2.43	10.32±3.98	10.93±2.98	14.98±4.99
NE (%)	64.12±9.23	73.90±7.38	79.42±7.94	76.33±6.93
ESR (mm/h)	6.92±1.16	30.81±4.09	26.92±4.32	38.98±3.32

Notes: Data are expressed as mean ± SD, unless otherwise specified. GOLD Group B: low risk, more symptoms; GOLD Group C: high risk, less symptoms; GOLD Group D: high risk, more symptoms.

Abbreviations: GOLD, Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; hs-CRP, high-sensitive C-reactive protein; WBC, white blood cell; NE, neutrophil; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; SD, standard deviation.

Figure 1 Cytokine expression in serum.

Notes: Serum levels of (A) IL-10, (B) CCL5, and (C) TNF-α were measured in healthy control (n=15), GOLD Group B: low risk, more symptoms; GOLD Group C: high risk, less symptoms; GOLD Group D: high risk, more symptoms.
Abbreviations: IL-10, interleukin-10; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; GOLD, Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; ANOVA, analysis of variance; CI, confidence interval.

Figure 2 Cytokine expression in COPD/healthy PBMCs.

Notes: Pooled PBMCs from healthy control, GOLD B, GOLD C, and GOLD D patients were stimulated with control, LPS only, and LPS with pretreatment of serially diluted SB203508 (5, 10, or 15 μM final concentration); for each condition, levels of (A) IL-10, (B) CCL5, and (C) TNF-α from the cell culture media were measured. Group differences were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and adjusted by Bonferroni correction. *Healthy vs GOLD D, P<0.05; ^#GOLD C vs GOLD D, P<0.0; ^Δhealthy vs GOLD B, P<0.05. GOLD Group B: low risk, more symptoms; GOLD Group C: high risk, less symptoms; GOLD Group D: high risk, more symptoms.
Abbreviations: PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; GOLD, Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; IL-10, interleukin-10; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α, ANOVA, analysis of variance.

Figure 3 Cytokine expression in MH-S cell line supplemented with COPD/healthy serum.

Notes: MH-S cell lines were cultured in media supplemented with 1%, 5%, or 10% serum pooled from healthy control or COPD patients (GOLD C/D). For each condition, cells were stimulated with control, LPS only, or LPS pretreated with SB203580. Levels of (A) IL-10 and (B) CCL5 in the cell culture media were measured. Group differences were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and adjusted by Bonferroni correction. *Healthy vs COPD, P<0.05; ^#10% serum vs 5% serum of the same stimulation group, P<0.05; ^Δ1% serum vs 5% serum of the same stimulation group, P<0.05.
Abbreviations: LPS, lipopolysaccharide; GOLD, Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; IL-10, interleukin-10; ANOVA, analysis of variance.