Magnesium Sulfate Improves Some Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis in Patients Suffering from One or Two Coronary Artery Diseases: A Double-blind Clinical Trial Study

Figures & data

Figure 1 Study flow diagram.

Table 1 Study Variables in MgSO₄ Treated Moderate Coronary Artery Disease Patients with One (Mg-Treated-VR1) and Two (Mg-Treated-VR2) Atherosclerotic Vessels as Well as in Placebo Treated Patients with One (Control-VR1) and Two (Control-VR2) Atherosclerotic Vessels Before Intervention. Data Were Presented as Mean ±SD and Analyzed Using Repeated Measure and ANCOVA

Variables	Mg-Treated Group		Control Group		P value
	VR1 (N=13)	VR2 (N=19)	VR1 (N=13)	VR2 (N=19)
Age (years)	59.2±2.1	60.6±1.8	6.2±1.6	61.2±1.5	0.5
EF	57±0.01	56±0.01	57±0.09	55±0.01	0.6
Ca (mg/dL)	9.7±0.1	9.6±0.09	9.6±0.1	9.7±0.1	0.6
K (mEq/dL)	4.2±0.1	4.4±0.09	4.4±0.1	4.4±0.4	0.7
Na (mEq/dL)	139.4±0.9	139.04±0.6	139.5±0.8	138.2±0.9	0.5
Mg (mg/dL)	1.96±0.04	1.9±0.03	1.9±0.03	1.9±0.05	0.7
Cr (mg/dL)	0.7±0.03	0.8±0.04	0.7±0.04	0.7±0.04	0.6
BUN (mg/dL)	13.3±0.9	14.3±0.7	13.8±0.8	14.2±0.9	0.8
Urine Mg (mg/24 h)	83.05±13.7	90.4±7.8	84.1±8.8	85.4±4.3	0.7
Uric acid (mg/dL)	4.2±0.2	4.7±0.3	4.2±0.2	4.6±0.2	0.5

Table 3 Study Variables in MgSO₄ Treated Moderate Coronary Artery Disease Patients with One (Mg-Treated-VR1) and Two (Mg-Treated-VR2) Atherosclerotic Vessel as Well as in Placebo Treated Patients with One (Control-VR1) and Two (Control-VR2) Atherosclerotic Vessels Before Intervention, three and six Months After Intervention. Data Were Presented as Mean ± SD and Analyzed Using Repeated Measure and ANCOVA

Variables	Mg-treated		Control		P value	Time After Mg Treatment
	VR1(N=13)	VR2 (N=19)	VR1 (N=13)	VR2 (N=19)
BMI (kg/m^2)	23.9±0.8	24.7±0.7	23.9±0.3	23.5±0.2	0.5	Baseline
Waist circumference (cm)	88.2±3.2	91.4±2.1	86.1±1.9	88.6±2.1	0.2
BMI (kg/m^2)	24.3±0.7	24.8±0.8	23.9±0.2	23.9±0.3	0.5	Three months
Waist circumference (cm)	88.6±3.1	91.4±2.1	89.8±1.8	89.1±2.3	0.3
BMI (kg/m^2)	24.4±0.7	21.6±2.4	31.7±1.2	33.7±0.9	0.001	Six months
Waist circumference (cm)	88.6±3.2	92.2±2.2	89.4±2.1	87.3±5.1	0.6

Table 4 Study Variables in Moderate Coronary Artery Disease Patients with One Atherosclerotic Vessel (VR1, N=32) and Moderate Coronary Artery Disease Patients with Two Atherosclerotic Vessels (VR2, N=32) Before Intervention (Data are Expressed as Mean ±SD and Comparisons Between Groups were Analyzed Using the Student’s t-test)

Variables	VR1 Group (N=32)	VR2 Group (N=32)	P value
CRP (mg/dL)	1.38±0.2	1.52±.0.2	0.31
ESR (mm/h)	19.1±2.4	25.8±3.1	0.04
Ca/Mg ratio
Cr (mg/dL)	0.74±0.02	0.81±0.03	0.05
BUN (mg/dL)	13.63±0.2	14.08±0.5	0.21
Uric acid (mg/dL)	4.2±0.19	4.73±0.23	0.03
Fibrinogen (mg/dL)	334.28±18.3	340.38±13.79	0.39
Homocysteine (mg/dL)	13.06±0.7	14.26±0.8	0.13
Ca (mg/dL)	9.7±0.07	9.6±0.07	0.21
Mg (mg/dL)	1.94±0.02	1.93±0.03	0.39
Urine Mg (mg/24 h)	83.63±7.7	88.12±4.3	0.31
K (mEq/dL)	4.36±0.08	4.45±0.06	0.39
Na (mEq/dL)	139.51±0.6	138.62±0.5	0.14
TSH (mIU/L)	2.64±0.2	2.61±0.2	0.23
T3 (ng/dL)	117.06±2.8	110.23±2.8	0.04
T4 (µg/dL)	7.13±0.16	8.14±0.25	0.0001

Figure 2 Plasma Ca (A), Mg (B), Na (C), K (D), Cr (E), BUN (F) levels and urine Mg level (G) in MgSO₄-treated moderate coronary artery disease patients with one atherosclerotic vessel (Mg-treated-VR1), MgSO₄-treated moderate coronary artery disease patients with two atherosclerotic vessels (Mg-treated-VR2), placebo-treated moderate coronary artery disease patients with one atherosclerotic vessel (Control-VR1) and placebo-treated moderate coronary artery disease patients with two atherosclerotic vessels (Control-VR2). N=13 for one atherosclerotic vessel in each group and N=19 for two atherosclerotic vessels in each group. Data were presented as mean ±SD and data were analyzed using repeated measure and ANCOVA. *P<0.001 significant differences between three months Mg-treated-VR1 and before intervention (baseline) and six months after intervention. ^#P<0.001 significant differences between three months control-VR1 and before intervention (baseline) and six months after intervention. ^$P<0.01 significant differences between Mg-treated-VR2 and VR1 with control-VR2 and VR1 six months after intervention.

Figure 3 ESR (A), Ca/Mg ratio (B) and serum CRP (C), uric acid (D), fibrinogen (E) and homocysteine (F) levels in MgSO₄-treated moderate coronary artery disease patients with one atherosclerotic vessel (Mg-treated-VR1), MgSO₄-treated moderate coronary artery disease patients with two atherosclerotic vessels (Mg-treated-VR2), placebo treated moderate coronary artery disease patients with one atherosclerotic vessel (Control-VR1) and placebo treated moderate coronary artery disease patients with two atherosclerotic vessels (Control-VR2). N=13 for one atherosclerotic vessel in each group and N=19 for two atherosclerotic vessels in each group. Data were presented as mean ±SD and data were analyzed by using repeated measure and ANCOVA. *P<0.01 significant differences between VR1 and VR2 in each groups. ^#P<0.01 significant differences between three month Mg-treated-VR2 and before intervention (baseline) and/or six months after intervention. ^$P<0.01 significant differences between three months control-VR2 and before intervention (baseline) and six months after intervention and three months Mg-treated-VR2 group. @P<0.01 significant differences between Mg-treated-VR2 and VR1 with control-VR2 and VR1 six months after intervention.

Figure 4 Serum TSH (A), T3 (B), and T4 (C), levels in MgSO₄-treated moderate coronary artery disease patients with one atherosclerotic vessel (Mg-treated-VR1), MgSO₄-treated moderate coronary artery disease patients with two atherosclerotic vessels (Mg-treated-VR2), placebo treated moderate coronary artery disease patients with one atherosclerotic vessel (Control-VR1) and placebo treated moderate coronary artery disease patients with two atherosclerotic vessels (Control-VR2). N=13 for one atherosclerotic vessel in each group and N=19 for two atherosclerotic vessels in each group. Data were presented as mean ±SD and data were analyzed by using repeated measure and ANCOVA. *P<0.001 significant differences between VR1 and VR2 in each groups. **P<0.01 significant differences between three months Mg-treated-VR2 and before intervention (baseline) and six months after intervention. ***P<0.01 significant differences between Mg-treated-VR2 and VR1 with control-VR2 and VR1 six months after intervention.****P<0.01 significant differences between three months control-VR2 and before intervention (baseline) and six months after intervention and 3 months Mg-treated-VR2 group.

Table 2 Study Variables in MgSO₄ Treated Moderate Coronary Artery Disease Patients with One (Mg-Treated-VR1) and Two (Mg-Treated-VR2) Atherosclerotic Vessel as Well as in Placebo Treated Patients with One (Control-VR1) and Two (Control-VR2) Atherosclerotic Vessels Before Intervention. Data Were Presented as Mean ±SD and Analyzed Using Repeated Measure and ANCOVA

Variables	Mg-Treated Group		Control Group		P value
	VR1 (n=13)	VR2 (n=19)	VR1 (n=13)	VR2 (n=19)
ESR(mm/h)	20.4±1	27.7±0.9	18.7±0.6	28.4±0.8	0.4
CRP (mg/dl)	1.3±0.3	1.4±0.2	1.4±0.3	1.5±0.3	0.5
Ca/Mg	4.9±0.08	5.1±0.1	4.9±0.1	5.05±0.1	0.6
Fibrinogen (mg/dl)	344.7±21.7	330±18.1	322.9±30.8	352.9±20.7	0.7
Homocysteine (mg/dl)	12.9±0.3	14.1±0.2	13.1±0.2	14.4±0.4	0.5
TSH (mlU/L)	2.67±0.3	2.6±0.4	2.6±0.3	2.5±0.3	0.4
T3 (ng/dl)	117.9±4.1	110.6±0.4	116.2±4.02	109.05±4.1	0.6
T4 (µg/dl)	7.2±0.2	8.08±0.4	7.06±0.2	8.1±0.2	0.3