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Original Research

Intranasal agomelatine solid lipid nanoparticles to enhance brain delivery: formulation, optimization and in vivo pharmacokinetics

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Pages 1815-1825 | Published online: 19 Jun 2017

Figures & data

Table 1 The independent variables of the full factorial design for optimization of AGM-loaded SLNs

Table 2 The dependent variables of the full factorial design for optimization of AGM-loaded SLNs

Table 3 The PS and EE of AGM-loaded SLN formulations prepared using different types of lipids

Figure 1 Release profiles of formulations prepared using different lipid concentrations in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) and at 37°C.

Abbreviations: GTP, glyceryl tripalmitate; Gel, Gelucire.
Figure 1 Release profiles of formulations prepared using different lipid concentrations in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) and at 37°C.

Table 4 Experimental runs, independent variables and measured responses of the full factorial experimental design of AGM-loaded SLNs

Figure 2 Release profiles of AGM-loaded SLNs (A) SLN-1 to SLN-4, (B) SLN-5 to SLN-8, (C) SLN-9 to SLN-12 and (D) SLN-13 to SLN-16 in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) and at 37°C.

Abbreviations: AGM, agomelatine; SLNs, solid lipid nanoparticles.
Figure 2 Release profiles of AGM-loaded SLNs (A) SLN-1 to SLN-4, (B) SLN-5 to SLN-8, (C) SLN-9 to SLN-12 and (D) SLN-13 to SLN-16 in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) and at 37°C.

Table 5 Composition and numerical desirability of the full factorial design formulae

Table 6 The observed and observed responses of the optimized formula SLN-14

Figure 3 Transmission electron micrograph of the optimized formula.

Figure 3 Transmission electron micrograph of the optimized formula.

Figure 4 DSC thermogram of AGM, PVA, SDC, Gelucire 43/01 and 1:1 physical mixtures of AGM with each of them.

Abbreviations: AGM, agomelatine; DSC, differential scanning calorimetry; PVA, polyvinyl alcohol; SDC, sodium deoxycholate.
Figure 4 DSC thermogram of AGM, PVA, SDC, Gelucire 43/01 and 1:1 physical mixtures of AGM with each of them.

Figure 5 DSC thermogram of AGM and the optimized formula SLN-14.

Abbreviations: AGM, agomelatine; DSC, differential scanning calorimetry; SLN, solid lipid nanoparticle.
Figure 5 DSC thermogram of AGM and the optimized formula SLN-14.

Table 7 Pharmacokinetic parameters in rat plasma and brain for AGM following IN administration of SLN-14, IV administration of AGM solution and oral administration of Valdoxan® suspension

Figure 6 Plasma concentration vs time curves after administration of SLN-14, IV AGM solution and oral suspension of Valdoxan®.

Abbreviations: AGM, agomelatine; IV, intravenous; SLN, solid lipid nanoparticle.
Figure 6 Plasma concentration vs time curves after administration of SLN-14, IV AGM solution and oral suspension of Valdoxan®.

Figure 7 Brain concentration vs time curves after administration of SLN-14, IV AGM solution and oral suspension of Valdoxan®.

Abbreviations: AGM, agomelatine; conc, concentration; IV, intravenous; SLNs, solid lipid nanoparticles.
Figure 7 Brain concentration vs time curves after administration of SLN-14, IV AGM solution and oral suspension of Valdoxan®.