Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on Wenxin keli

Figures & data

Table 1 Basic characteristics of included studies

Study	Indications	Number of cases (test/control groups)	Treatment (days)	Interventions		Outcomes	Jadad score
				Drug test	Control drug
Gao^Citation6	Arrhythmia	48/48	28	Wenxin keli	Propafenone	1, 4	2
Liu et al^Citation7	Arrhythmia	75/75	28	Wenxin keli	Propafenone	1	2
Wang^Citation8	Arrhythmia	60/60	28	Wenxin keli	Propafenone	1, 4	2
Cui^Citation9	Arrhythmia	60/60	28	Wenxin keli	Propafenone	1, 2	2
Li et al^Citation10	Arrhythmia	48/35	28	Wenxin keli	Propafenone	1, 2, 3	1
Xie^Citation11	Arrhythmia	34/32	28	Wenxin keli	Propafenone	1, 4	2
Zou and Zhao^Citation12	Arrhythmia	102/101	28	Wenxin keli	Propafenone	1	2
Wang^Citation13	Arrhythmia	75/75	28	Wenxin keli	Propafenone	1, 4	2
Lou^Citation14	Arrhythmia	53/50	28	Wenxin keli	Propafenone	1	2
Shi^Citation15	Arrhythmia	32/30	28	Wenxin keli	Propafenone	1, 4	2
Wang^Citation16	Arrhythmia	58/64	28	Wenxin keli	Propafenone	2, 4	2
Jin and Huang^Citation17	Arrhythmia	20/20	28	Wenxin keli	Propafenone	3	3
Xue^Citation18	Arrhythmia	126/72	28	Wenxin keli	Propafenone	3	3
Ren and Qiao^Citation19	Arrhythmia	43/21	28	Wenxin keli	Propafenone	3	3
Wu and Yue^Citation20	Arrhythmia	48/33	28	Wenxin keli	Propafenone	3	2
Li and Shen^Citation21	Arrhythmia	40/37	28	Wenxin keli	Amiodarone	1, 4	2
Wang^Citation22	Arrhythmia	46/30	28	Wenxin keli	Amiodarone	1, 4	2
Pang^Citation23	Arrhythmia	56/58	28	Wenxin keli	Amiodarone	1, 4	2
Xu et al^Citation24	Arrhythmia	68/61	28	Wenxin keli	Amiodarone	1, 4	2
Xia^Citation25	Arrhythmia	50/50	28	Wenxin keli	Amiodarone	1, 4	2
Sun^Citation26	PVC	32/31	28	Wenxin keli	Propafenone	1, 2, 3	2
Wu^Citation27	PVC	54/35	28	Wenxin keli	Propafenone	1, 2	2
Wang^Citation28	PVC	60/30	28	Wenxin keli	Propafenone	1	2
Guo^Citation29	PVC	53/53	28	Wenxin keli	Propafenone	1, 2, 3	2
Jin^Citation30	PVC	60/30	28	Wenxin keli	Propafenone	1, 2, 3	2
Zhang et al^Citation31	PVC	39/38	28	Wenxin keli	Propafenone	2, 3	2
Li^Citation32	PVC	32/32	28	Wenxin keli	Propafenone	3	2
Wang^Citation33	PVC	60/60	28	Wenxin keli	Propafenone	2, 3	2
Yan^Citation34	PVC	60/60	28	Wenxin keli	Propafenone	2, 3	2
Notes: 1, clinical efficacy; 2, ECG efficacy; 3, clinical symptoms of heart palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, insomnia, chest tightness, etc; 4, adverse reactions.
Yu et al^Citation35	Angina	40/35	28	Conventional treatment + Wenxin keli	Conventional treatment	1, 2	2
Shu and Li^Citation36	Angina	37/37	28	Conventional treatment + Wenxin keli	Conventional treatment	1	2
Ye et al^Citation37	Angina	36/36	28	Conventional treatment + Wenxin keli	Conventional treatment	1, 2	2
Wei et al^Citation38	Angina	50/50	28	Conventional treatment + Wenxin keli	Conventional treatment	1, 2	2
Yuan^Citation39	Unstable angina	47/47	28	Conventional treatment + Wenxin keli	Conventional treatment	1, 4	2
Wei and Deng^Citation40	Unstable angina	50/50	28	Conventional treatment + Wenxin keli	Conventional treatment	1, 3	2
Yuan and Wei^Citation41	Unstable angina	80/80	28	Conventional treatment + Wenxin keli	Conventional treatment	1, 3, 4	2
Notes: 1, angina pectoris; 2, ECG efficacy; 3, changes in the indicator lipids; 4, adverse reactions.
Yu et al^Citation42	Chronic heart failure	37/35	56	Conventional treatment + Wenxin keli	Conventional treatment	1, 2, 3	4
Yang and Dong^Citation43	Chronic heart failure	40/40	56	Conventional treatment + Wenxin keli	Conventional treatment	1, 3, 4	2
Kong et al^Citation44	Chronic heart failure	30/30	56	Conventional treatment + Wenxin keli	Conventional treatment	2, 4, 6	2
Xu^Citation45	Chronic heart failure	37/35	56	Conventional treatment + Wenxin keli	Conventional treatment	3	4
Hu^Citation46	Chronic heart failure	50/48	56	Conventional treatment + Wenxin keli	Conventional treatment	4	2
Yu^Citation47	Congestive heart failure	35/37	56	Conventional treatment + Wenxin keli	Conventional treatment	1, 2, 3, 5	2
Wang^Citation48	Congestive heart failure	35/35	56	Conventional treatment + Wenxin keli	Conventional treatment	1, 2, 4, 6, 7	2
Notes: 1, clinical efficacy; 2, TCM syndromes; 3, clinical echocardiography; 4, plasma BNP values; 5, heart rate; 6, 6-minute walking distance measurement; 7, adverse reactions.
Yang^Citation49	Children with viral myocarditis	34/34	14	Conventional treatment + Wenxin keli	Conventional treatment	1, 2	2
Deng^Citation50	Children with viral myocarditis	30/28	14	Conventional treatment + Wenxin keli	Conventional treatment	1	2
Notes: 1, clinical efficacy; 2, creatine kinase (CK-MB) change; 3, adverse reactions.
Liu and Ren^Citation51	Climacteric syndrome	60/58	84	Conventional treatment + Wenxin keli	Conventional treatment + metoprolol	1	2
Lei^Citation52	Climacteric syndrome	42/38	84	Conventional treatment + Wenxin keli	Conventional treatment + metoprolol	1	2
Li and Miao^Citation53	Climacteric syndrome	33/33	60	Wenxin keli	Oryzanol + propranolol + vitamin B complex	1	2
Hu^Citation54	Climacteric syndrome	25/23	60	Wenxin keli	Oryzanol + propranolol + vitamin B complex	1	2

Notes: 1, clinical efficacy; 2, adverse reactions.

Abbreviations: BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; CK-MB, creatine kinase MB isoenzyme; ECG, electrocardiogram; PVC, premature ventricular contractions; TCM, traditional Chinese medicine.

Figure 1 Study selection steps.

Abbreviations: CNKI, China National Knowledge Infrastructure; VIP, Chinese Scientific Journals Database; WF, Wan fang.

Figure 2 Meta-analysis of Wenxin keli and propafenone in the treatment of arrhythmia.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; M–H, Mantel–Haenszel.

Figure 3 Meta-analysis of Wenxin keli and amiodarone in the treatment of arrhythmia.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; M–H, Mantel–Haenszel.

Figure 4 Meta-analysis of Wenxin keli and propafenone in the treatment of PVC.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; PVC, premature ventricular contractions; M–H, Mantel–Haenszel.

Figure 5 Meta-analysis of Wenxin keli and propafenone in the treatment of arrhythmia.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; M–H, Mantel–Haenszel.

Figure 6 Meta-analysis of Wenxin keli and propafenone in the treatment of PVC.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; PVC, premature ventricular contractions; M–H, Mantel–Haenszel.

Table 2 Meta-analysis of secondary efficacy variables in treatment of arrhythmia

Outcomes	Number of included studies	Number of cases	Heterogeneity		Model	Meta-analysis
			I^2	P-value		OR (95% CI)	P-value
Palpitations	4	383	0%	0.99	Fixed	3.29 (1.64, 6.61)	0.0008
Chest tightness	5	451	0%	0.70	Fixed	3.61 (2.22, 5.87)	<0.00001
Restless sleep	4	373	0%	0.50	Fixed	2.49 (1.40, 4.43)	0.002
Dizziness	4	379	55%	0.09	Random	2.53 (0.87, 7.35)	0.09
Shortness of breath	5	462	0%	0.94	Fixed	3.00 (1.74, 5.19)	<0.0001

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.

Figure 7 Meta-analysis of Wenxin keli, propafenone, and associated adverse reactions on arrhythmia.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; M–H, Mantel–Haenszel.

Figure 8 Meta-analysis of Wenxin keli, amiodarone, and associated adverse reactions on arrhythmia.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; M–H, Mantel–Haenszel.

Figure 9 Meta-analysis of Wenxin keli, propafenone, and associated adverse reactions on PVC.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; M–H, Mantel–Haenszel.

Figure 10 Funnel plot of Wenxin keli and propafenone in the treatment of arrhythmia.

Abbreviations: SE, standard error of the mean; OR, odds ratio.

Figure 11 Meta-analysis of Wenxin keli and propafenone in the treatment of angina.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; M–H, Mantel–Haenszel.

Figure 12 Meta-analysis of Wenxin keli and propafenone in the treatment of unstable angina.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; M–H, Mantel–Haenszel.

Figure 13 Meta-analysis of Wenxin keli combined with conventional therapy in the treatment of angina.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; M–H, Mantel–Haenszel.

Figure 14 Meta-analysis of Wenxin keli combined with conventional treatment for chronic heart failure.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; M–H, Mantel–Haenszel.

Table 3 Meta-analysis of secondary efficacy variables in treatment of heart failure

Outcomes	Number of included studies	Number of cases	Heterogeneity		Model	Meta-analysis
			I^2	P-value		MD (95% CI)	P-value
LVEF values	4	310	57%	0.08	Random	0.76 (0.41, 1.12)	<0.0001
Plasma BNP levels	3	238	99%	<0.00001	Random	−5.92 (−9.70, −2.14)	0.002
Stroke volume	3	212	29%	0.24	Fixed	0.50 (0.18, 0.83)	0.002

Abbreviations: BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; CI, confidence interval; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MD, mean difference.

Figure 15 Meta-analysis of Wenxin keli combined with conventional treatment for viral infections.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; M–H, Mantel–Haenszel.

Figure 16 Meta-analysis of Wenxin keli combined with conventional treatment for climacteric syndrome.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; M–H, Mantel–Haenszel.

Figure 17 Meta-analysis of Wenxin keli in the treatment of climacteric syndrome.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; M–H, Mantel–Haenszel.

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