Dietary arginine silicate inositol complex inhibits periodontal tissue loss in rats with ligature-induced periodontitis

Figures & data

Table 1 Composition of basal diet

Description	Content, %
Wheat	29.5
Soybean meal	9.0
Sunflower meal	36.8
Wheat bran	9.0
Molasses	10.0
Limestone	3.0
Salt	1.5
dl-methionine	0.7
Dicalcium phosphate	0.3
Vitamin-and-mineral premixa	0.2
Analysis
Crude protein	23.9
Ether extract	3.1
Crude cellulose	6.5
Ash	7.8
Ca	1.2
P	0.8

Notes:

a The vitamin–mineral premix provides the following (per kilogram): all-trans-retinyl acetate, 1.8 mg; cholecalciferol, 0.025 mg; all-rac-α-tocopherol acetate, 12.5 mg; menadione (menadione sodium bisulfate), 1.1 mg; riboflavin, 4.4 mg; thiamine (thiamine mononitrate), 1.1 mg; vitamin B6, 2.2 mg; niacin, 35 mg; Ca-pantothenate, 10 mg; vitamin B12, 0.02 mg; folic acid, 0.55 mg; d-biotin, 0.1 mg. manganese (from manganese oxide), 40 mg; iron (from iron sulfate), 12.5 mg; zinc (from zinc oxide), 25 mg; copper (from copper sulfate), 3.5 mg; iodine (from potassium iodide), 0.3 mg; selenium (from sodium selenite), 0.15 mg; choline chloride, 175 mg.

Figure 1 To induce experimental periodontitis, a 4-0 silk suture was placed and knotted submarginally by the same operator around the gingival margin of the (A) right and (B) left mandibular molars of the rats for 11 days.

Figure 2 Measurement of the distances between (A) MMCJ and MRA, (B) MMCJ and MRA, (C) FR and FRCB, (D) FR and FRRA, (E) DMCJ and DCB, (F) DMCJ and DRA.

Abbreviations: DCB, distal crestal bone; DMCJ, distal cementoenamel junction; DRA, distal root apex; FR, furcation roof; FRCB, furcation crestal bone; FRRA, furcation root apex; MCB, mesial crestal bone; MMCJ, mesial cementoenamel junction; MRA, mesial root apex.

Table 2 Western blot findings of the groups

	Control	Periodontitis	ASI I	ASI II	P-value
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
IL-1β	100.00±5.24	189.82±1.84a	142.5±2.53a,b	111.24±2.35a–c	0.016*
MMP-8	100.00±2.72	208.72±11.14a	166.79±7.86a,b	150.256±11.60a,b	0.019*
RANK	100.00±4.31	202.18±2.83a	189.27±5.30a,b	174.31±9.82a,b	0.023*
RANKL	100.00±8.06	167.06±10.72a	150.11±6.34a,b	138.35±13.60a,b	0.022*
OPG	100.00±2.30	47.25±2.33a	72.87±4.67a,b	91.13±3.04a–c	0.016*
MPO	100.00±6.90	228.86±1.13a	180±2.97a,b	159.59±13.09a–c	0.016*

Notes:

a Statistically significant difference was detected compared to control (P<0.05).

b Statistically significant difference was detected compared to periodontitis group (P<0.05).

c Statistically significant difference was detected compared to ASI I group (P<0.05).

* P<0.05. ASI I group: 1.81 g/kg ASI complex; ASI II group: 3.62 g/kg ASI complex.

Abbreviations: ASI, arginine silicate inositol; IL, interleukin; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; MPO, myeloperoxidase; OPG, osteoprotegerin; RANK, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB; RANKL, RANK ligand.

Figure 3 (A) Control, (B) Periodontitis, (C) ASI I and (D) ASI II.

Abbreviations: ASI, arginine silicate inositol; IL, interleukin; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; MPO, myeloperox idase; OPG, osteoprotegerin; RANK, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB; RANKL, RANK ligand.

Table 3 MCT findings of the groups

	Control	Periodontitis	ASI I	ASI II	P-value
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
MMCJ–MCB/MMCJ–MRA	0.28±0.05	0.54±0.04a	0.49±0.10a,b	0.50±0.10a,b	0.001**
FR–FRCB/FR–FRRA	0.07±0.02	0.26±0.05a	0.21±0.04a,b	0.22±0.05a,b	0.001**
DMCJ–DCB/DMCJ–DRA	0.32±0.12	0.42±0.09	0.41±0.12	0.42±0.08	0.190

Notes:

a Statistically significant difference was detected compared to control group (P: 0.001, P<0.01).

b Statistically significant difference was detected compared to periodontitis group (P: 0.001, P<0.01).

** P<0.01. ASI I group: 1.81 g/kg ASI complex; ASI II group: 3.62 g/kg ASI complex.

Abbreviations: ASI, arginine silicate inositol; DCB, distal crestal bone; DMCJ, distal cementoenamel junction; DRA, distal root apex; FR, furcation roof; FRCB, furcation crestal bone; FRRA, furcation root apex; MCT, micro-computed tomography; MCB, mesial crestal bone; MMCJ, mesial cementoenamel junction; MRA, mesial root apex.

Figure 4 Radiologic images of the groups.

Notes: (A) Control group; rats were fed a basal diet for 8 weeks with no ligature placement (B) periodontitis group; rats were fed a basal diet for 8 weeks prior to 11-day ligature placement (C) ASI I group; rats were fed a supplementation of 1.81 g/kg of ASI complex for 8 weeks prior to 11-day ligature placement (D) ASI II group; rats were fed a supplementation of 3.62 g/kg of ASI complex for 8 weeks prior to 11-day ligature placement.
Abbreviation: ASI, arginine silicate inositol.