Figures & data
Figure 1 Morphology and immunofluorescence in RCECs.
Abbreviations: DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; RCECs, retinal capillary endothelial cells; vWf, von Willebrand factor.
![Figure 1 Morphology and immunofluorescence in RCECs.](/cms/asset/038c773c-4126-4d2f-9174-ffa6481dcf70/dddt_a_149700_f0001_c.jpg)
Figure 2 Protection of NR1 from high glucose-induced cytotoxicity.
Abbreviations: LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; NR1, Notoginsenoside R1; RCECs, retinal capillary endothelial cells.
![Figure 2 Protection of NR1 from high glucose-induced cytotoxicity.](/cms/asset/648225d1-0573-4c93-8a5b-d8b7ed61aa60/dddt_a_149700_f0002_b.jpg)
Figure 3 NR1 attenuated high glucose-induced endothelial damage in rat RCECs.
Abbreviations: BF, bright field; mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA; NR1, Notoginsenoside R1; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; PI, propidium iodide; RCECs, retinal capillary endothelial cells.
![Figure 3 NR1 attenuated high glucose-induced endothelial damage in rat RCECs.](/cms/asset/26eded56-3fba-489a-b860-b8302a96bc73/dddt_a_149700_f0003_c.jpg)
Figure 4 NR1 decreased ROS and 3-NT levels in rat RCECs under high glucose conditions.
Abbreviations: 3-NT, 3-nitrotyrosine; DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; NR1, Notoginsenoside R1; RCECs, retinal capillary endothelial cells; ROS, reactive oxygen species; RFU, relative fluorescence unit.
![Figure 4 NR1 decreased ROS and 3-NT levels in rat RCECs under high glucose conditions.](/cms/asset/b88d990b-8a6d-4bb8-a36e-61f2e3f2a31a/dddt_a_149700_f0004_c.jpg)
Figure 5 NR1 inhibited NOX and PARP activities, but increased CAT activity under high glucose conditions.
Abbreviations: CAT, catalase; NOX, NADPH oxidase; NR1, Notoginsenoside R1; PARP, poly-ADP (ribose) polymerase; RCECs, retinal capillary endothelial cells; FLU, relative light unit.
![Figure 5 NR1 inhibited NOX and PARP activities, but increased CAT activity under high glucose conditions.](/cms/asset/cdd4d90f-4cb5-40d8-99f9-b23cbd9e1e88/dddt_a_149700_f0005_b.jpg)
Figure 6 NR1, an intracellular redox modulator, is useful under high glucose conditions when the intracellular redox status is impaired.
Abbreviations: GSH, glutathione; NAD+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+; NR1, Notoginsenoside R1; RCECs, retinal capillary endothelial cells; ROS, reactive oxygen species.
![Figure 6 NR1, an intracellular redox modulator, is useful under high glucose conditions when the intracellular redox status is impaired.](/cms/asset/91d8eb5b-1145-44ba-99ce-300f4cba3f94/dddt_a_149700_f0006_b.jpg)