BCc1 Nanomedicine Therapeutic Effects in Streptozotocin and High-Fat Diet Induced Diabetic Kidney Disease

Figures & data

Figure 1 The timeline of study.

Figure 2 UAER (A) and ACR (B) in each group.

Notes: Significant differences between the healthy and DKD control groups have been specified by square (^#) meaning P-value <0.05. Significant differences between DKD and BCc1-treated groups are specified by (*) meaning P-value <0.05.

Abbreviations: UAER, 24-h urinary albumin excretion rate; ACR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio; H, healthy control; DKD, diabetic kidney disease control; LDB, low dose of BCc1; MDB, medium dose of BCc1; HDB, high dose of BCc1.

Figure 3 Plasma FBS changes (A), Cr (B), uric acid (C), BUN (D) in each group. Plasma concentration of AST and ALT (E) and HOMA-IR index (F) in each group at the end of study.

Notes: Significant differences between the healthy and DKD control groups are specified by square (^#) meaning P-value <0.05. Significant differences between DKD and BCc1-treated groups are specified by (*) meaning P-value <0.05.

Abbreviations: FBS, fasting blood glucose; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Cr, creatinine; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; HOMA-IR index, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index; H, healthy control; DKD, diabetic kidney disease control; LDB, low dose of BCc1; MDB, medium dose of BCc1; HDB, high dose of BCc1.

Figure 4 CBC count analysis.

Notes: Significant differences between the healthy and DKD control groups are specified by square (^#) meaning P-value <0.05.

Abbreviations: RBC, red blood cell; Hb, hemoglobin; MCV, mean cell volume; Hct, hematocrit; H, healthy control; DKD, diabetic kidney disease control; LDB, low dose of BCc1; MDB, medium dose of BCc1; HDB, high dose of BCc1.

Figure 5 Urine MDA (A) and 8-isoprostane (B).

Notes: Significant differences between the healthy and DKD control groups are specified by square (^#) meaning P-value <0.05. Significant differences between DKD and BCc1-treated groups are specified by (*) meaning P-value <0.05.

Abbreviations: MDA, malondialdehyde; H, healthy control; DKD, diabetic kidney disease control; LDB, low dose of BCc1; MDB, medium dose of BCc1; HDB, high dose of BCc1.

Figure 6 Liver iron content in each group.

Table 1 Scoring the Histopathological Observations

Group	GBM Thickening	GBM Wrinkling	Mesangial Matrix Expansion and Hyper-Cellularity	Proximal Cortical Tubules Pathological Changes
Healthy group	-	-	-	-
DKD control group	+++	+++	+++	+++
LDB group	++	++	+++	++
MDB group	+	+	+	++
HDB group	+	+	+	+

Notes: The scoring of the severity of changes: -, no damage; +, mild damage; ++, moderate damage; and +++, severe damage.

Figure 7 H&E and PAS images from kidney of rats in different groups.

Note: The arrows show mesangial expansion and hyper-cellularity and the arrow heads show GBM wrinkling and thickening. 

Abbreviations: H, healthy control; DKD, diabetic kidney disease control; LDB, low dose of BCc1; MDB, medium dose of BCc1; HDB, high dose of BCc1.