Poor Glycemic Control and Its Contributing Factors Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients at Adama Hospital Medical College in East Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic Characteristics of the Respondents at AHMC in East Ethiopia

Variables	Categories	Frequency	Percent
Sex	Male	135	55.1
	Female	110	44.9
Age	< 20	9	3.7
	21–40	71	29
	41–60	108	44.1
	≥ 60	57	23.3
Religion	Orthodox	112	45.7
	Protestant	75	30.6
	Muslim	58	23.7
Marital status	Single	34	13.9
	Married	160	65.3
	Divorced	28	11.4
	Widowed/widower	23	9.4
Educational status	No formal education	76	31
	Formal education	169	69
Monthly income (USD)	< 136	127	51.8
	≥ 136	118	48.2
Body Mass Index (BMI in kg/m^2)	18.5–24.9	112	45.1
	25–29.9	86	35.1
	≥ 30	47	19.8

Table 2 Behavioral Profiles of the Respondents at AHMC in East Ethiopia

Variables	Categories	Frequency	Percent
Smoking cigarette	Yes	6	2.4
	No	239	97.6
Alcohol drinking	Yes	19	7.8
	No	226	92.2
Khat chewing	Yes	40	16.3
	No	205	83.7
Adherence to physical exercise	No	219	89.4
	Yes	26	10.6
Eating plan	≤ 4 days	193	78.8
	≥ 5 days	52	21.2
Adherence to blood glucose testing	No	223	91
	Yes	22	9

Table 3 Comorbidity, Complication, and Drug-Related Profiles of the Respondents at AHMC in East Ethiopia

Variables	Categories	Frequency	Percent
Comorbidity	Yes	175	71.4
	No	70	28.6
Number of comorbidities	One disease	71	40.6
	Two disease	104	59.4
DM complications	Yes	112	45.7
	No	133	54.3
Group drug regimen	Diet only	9	3.7
	Oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA)	160	65.3
	OHA + Insulin	43	17.5
	Insulin	33	13.5
Duration of diabetes treatment	≤ 7 years	189	77.1
	8–14 years	35	14.3
	≥ 15 years	21	8.6
Glycemic control	Poor	157	64.1
	Good	88	35.9

Table 4 Factors Associated with Poor Glycemic Control of the Respondents at AHMC in East Ethiopia

Variables	Categories	Glycemic Control		COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)	P-value
		Poor	Good
Sex	Male	97	38	2.13(1.25–3.62)	2.28(1.24–4.21)	0.008
	Female	60	50	1	1
Education	No formal education	58	18	2.28(1.24–4.20)	3.12(1.53–6.35)	0.002
	Formal education	99	70	1	1
Monthly income (USD)	< 136	91	36	1.99(1.17–3.38)	2.14(1.17–3.91)	0.014
	≥ 136	66	52	1	1
Body mass Index (Kg/m^2)	18.5–24.9	60	52	1	1
	25–29.9	63	23	2.37(1.30–4.35)	2.60(1.32–5.10)	0.006
	≥ 30	34	13	2.27(1.08–4.75)	3.44(1.44–8.21)	0.005
Chewing khat	Yes	33	7	3.08(1.30–7.29)	2.77(1.04–7.33)	0.041
	No	124	81	1	1
Adherence to physical exercise	Yes	9	17	1	1
	No	148	71	3.94(1.67–9.27)	3.71(1.44–9.58)	0.007
Comorbidity	Present	113	62	1.08(0.61–1.92)	1.61(0.80–3.22)	0.180
	Absent	44	26	1	1
Diabetes Health education at HI	Yes	74	49	1	1
	No	83	39	1.41(0.83–2.38)	1.21(0.67–2.18)	0.532

Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; COR, crude odds ratio; HI, health institution; USD, United States Dollar.