Evaluation of the indications and arrhythmic patterns of 24 hour Holter electrocardiography among hypertensive and diabetic patients seen at OAUTHC, Ile-Ife Nigeria

Figures & data

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the studied group

Parameters	HHD without heart failure N (%) or mean ± SD	HHF N (%) or mean ± SD	T2DM N (%) or mean ± SD	P-value
Number of patients	17	33	29
Sex (females/males)	10(58.8%)/7(41.2%)	17(51.5%)/16(48.5%)	20(69%)/9(31%)
Age (years)	59.65±14.38	65.15±14.30	54.66±8.88	0.172
BMI (kg/m^2)	24.69±4.34	25.18±4.71	30.63±11.60

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation; N, number; HHD, hypertensive heart disease; HHF, hypertensive heart failure; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Table 2 Clinical indications

Clinical indication	No of patients (n=79)	Percentage (%)
Palpitation	30	38.0
Syncope	16	20.3
Unexplained dyspnea on exertion	12	15.2
DM with autonomic neuropathy	8	10.1
Dizziness	6	7.6
Known arrhythmias	4	5.0
Chest pain	3	3.8

Abbreviation: DM, diabetes mellitus.

Table 3 Twenty-four hour Holter electrocardiogram rhythm distribution

Rhythm	HHD without heart failure No of patients (n)	Percentage (%)	HHF No of patients (n)	Percentage (%)	T2DM No of patients (n)	Percentage (%)
Normal	7	41.2	4	12.1	19	65.5
PVC	5	29.4	15	45.5	4	13.7
PAC	1	5.9	2	6.1	1	3.5
Non-sustained VT	2	11.7	6	18.2	1	3.5
Sustained VT	0	0	1	3.0	0	0
AF	1	5.9	3	9.1	0	0
Severe bradycardia	1	5.9	2	6.1	4	13.8
Total	17	100	33	100	29	100

Abbreviations: PVC, premature ventricular contraction; PAC, premature atrial contractions; VT, ventricular tachycardia; AF, atrial fibrillation; HHD, hypertensive heart disease; HHF, hypertensive heart failure; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Figure 1 Relationship between HRV and duration of T2DM.

Abbreviations: SDNN, standard deviation of all normal-normal intervals; HRV, heart rate variability; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Figure 2 Relationship between HRV and duration of hypertension.

Abbreviations: SDNN, standard deviation of all normal-normal intervals; HRV, heart rate variability.