Virological Treatment Failure Among Adult HIV/AIDS Patients from Selected Hospitals of North Shoa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of the Respondents in Debre Berhan Referral Hospital and Mehal Meda Hospital, North Showa Zone, Amhara, Ethiopia, 2019

Variables	Frequency	Percent
Sex of the participants
Female	290	58.2
Male	208	41.8
Age group in years
18–30	68	13.7
31–45	264	53.0
46–60	142	28.5
>60	24	4.8
Religious affiliation
Orthodox	465	93.4
Muslim	19	3.8
Protestant	14	2.8
Employment
Employed full time	76	15.3
Unemployed	103	20.7
Self-employed	230	46.2
Farmer	89	17.9
Level of education
Not educated	80	16.1
Elementary	209	42.0
Secondary	123	24.7
College and above	86	17.3
Residence
Urban	418	83.9
Rural	80	16.1
Monthly income
≤500	82	16.5
501–100	155	31.1
>1000	261	52.4

Table 2 Baseline and Follow-Up Characteristics of Study Participants in Debre Berhan Referral Hospital and Mehal Meda Hospital, North Shoa Zone, Amhara, Ethiopia, 2019

Variables	Frequency	Percent
Baseline first-line HAART regimen
D4T+3TC+NVP	67	13.5
D4T+3TC+EFV	32	6.4
AZT+3TC+NVP	82	16.5
AZT+3TC+EFV	91	18.3
TDF+3TC+EFV	190	38.2
TDF+3TPC+NV	36	7.2
Baseline WHO stages
Stage I	398	79.9
Stage II	70	14.1
Stage III	30	6.0
Baseline hemoglobin level in mg/dl
Less than 10	16	3.2
≥ 10	482	96.8
History of TB
Yes	138	27.7
No	360	72.3
Patients functional status
Working	434	87.1
Ambulatory	60	12.0
Bed ridden	4	0.8
Baseline CD4 count in cell/μL
≤ 100	107	21.5
101–350	306	61.4
351–500	45	9.0
≥ 501	40	8.0
Duration of time on ART in months
6–48	95	19.1
49–72	105	21.1
73–156	298	59.8
ART drug Adherence
Good	373	74.9
Fair and poor	125	25.1
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Undernourished	116	23.3
Well-nourished	382	76.7

Table 3 Treatment Failure After Initiation of HAART Among HIV/AIDS Patients in Debre Berhan Referral and Mehal Meda Hospitals, North Shoa Zone, Amhara, Ethiopia, 2019

Variables	Frequency	Percent
Immunologic treatment failure
Yes	47	9.4
No	451	90.6
Virologic treatment failure
Yes	51	10.2
No	447	89.8
Virologic failure concerning time
6–48	3	5.88
49–72	5	9.8
73–156	43	84.4

Table 4 Bivariable and Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis of Outcome and Predictor Variables in Debre Berhan and Mehal Meda Hospitals, North Shoa Zone, Amhara, Ethiopia, 2019

Variables	Virologic Treatment Failure		COR, 95% CI	p-value	AOR, 95% CI
Age (Years)	No	Yes
<30 years	57	11	1.88 (0.913,3.877)	0.087	–
≥ 30 years	390	40	1
Monthly Income
<1500 ETB	262	35	1.545 (0.830,2.873)	0.170	–
≥ 1500 ETB	185	16	1
Living area
Urban	379	39	1
Rural	68	12	1.715 (0.855, 3.442)	0.129	–
ART adherence
Good	385	25	1		1
Poor	62	26	6.458 (3.505,11.89)	<0.001	4.54 (2.09, 9.87)*
Current BMI
<18.5	96	15	1
≥18.5	351	36	1.523 (0.801, 2.899)	0.152	–
WHO stage of HIV/AIDS
Stage I	442	42	18.94 (6.07, 59.11)	<0.001	–
Stage II & III	5	9	1
Current CD4 count
<250 cell/μL	25	34	33.76 (16.62, 68.88)	<0.001	24.88 (11.73, 52.81)*
≥ 250 cell/μL	422	17	1		1
Quality of life
Poor	237	42	4.15 (1.97, 8.73)	<0.001	2.65 (1.12, 6.25)*
Good	210	09	1		1

Note: *Shows statistically significant predictor variables with virologic failure at p<0.05.