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Review

The Landscape of Emerging Randomized Clinical Trial Evidence for COVID-19 Disease Stages: A Systematic Review of Global Trial Registries

, , , ORCID Icon, , , ORCID Icon, , , , , , ORCID Icon & show all
Pages 4577-4587 | Published online: 22 Dec 2020

Figures & data

Figure 1 Study flowchart.

Figure 1 Study flowchart.

Figure 2 Randomised clinical trials at each stage of disease progression for COVID-19.

Notes: This figure illustrates broad disease stages of COVID-19 disease starting from pre-exposure to SARS-CoV-2, post-exposure, early infection in the outpatient setting, hospitalization and to advanced disease manifestation that requires intensive care.
Figure 2 Randomised clinical trials at each stage of disease progression for COVID-19.

Figure 3 Distribution of number of arms for (A) all and (B) (hydroxy)chloroquine randomized clinical trials for COVID-19, arranged by clinical setting.

Notes: Each circle represents an individual trial. The colour of each circle represents the sample size: red – 0, 60; orange – 60, 140; green – 140, 400; blue – 400, 60,000 participants.
Abbreviations: PrEP, pre-exposure prophylaxis; PEP, post-exposure prophylaxis; ICU, intensive care unit.
Figure 3 Distribution of number of arms for (A) all and (B) (hydroxy)chloroquine randomized clinical trials for COVID-19, arranged by clinical setting.

Figure 4 Distribution of COVID-19 randomized clinical trials and enrollment target for key drugs, arranged by clinical setting.

Notes: The size of each circle represents the total sample size (recruitment) of trials. Each colour represents the patient setting: purple – PEP; red – PrEP; green – outpatient; blue – hospital or ICU.
Abbreviations: PEP, post-exposure prophylaxis; ICU, intensive care unit.
Figure 4 Distribution of COVID-19 randomized clinical trials and enrollment target for key drugs, arranged by clinical setting.

Figure 5 Treatment network for (A) pre-exposure and (B) post-exposure randomized clinical trials for COVID-19.

Notes: Each node (circle) represents an intervention and each line represents a direct comparison between different interventions.
Abbreviations: NRTIs, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; Lopinavir/r, lopinavir/ritonavir.
Figure 5 Treatment network for (A) pre-exposure and (B) post-exposure randomized clinical trials for COVID-19.

Figure 6 Treatment network for (A) outpatient and (B) hospitalized or intensive care unit randomized clinical trials for COVID-19.

Notes: Each node (circle) represents an intervention and each line represents a direct comparison between different interventions.
Abbreviations: NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; Lopinavir/r, lopinavir/ritonavir; IGs, immunoglobulin.
Figure 6 Treatment network for (A) outpatient and (B) hospitalized or intensive care unit randomized clinical trials for COVID-19.