Ex vivo Sensitivity Profile of Plasmodium falciparum Clinical Isolates to a Panel of Antimalarial Drugs in Ghana 13 Years After National Policy Change

Michael Fokuo Ofori1 Immunology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, GhanaCorrespondence[email protected]

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2341-7514

Emma E Kploanyi1 Immunology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2829-7945

Benedicta A Mensah2 Epidemiology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research,University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana

Emmanuel K Dickson1 Immunology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana

Eric Kyei-Baafour1 Immunology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana

Sampson Gyabaa3 Ewim Polyclinic, Ghana Health Service, Cape Coast, Ghana

Mary Tetteh4 Begoro District Hospital, Ghana Health Service, Begoro, Ghana

Kwadwo A Koram2 Epidemiology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research,University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4274-6516

Benjamin K Abuaku2 Epidemiology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research,University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana

Anita Ghansah1 Immunology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana;5 Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana

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Figures & data

Figure 1 The map of Ghana showing the two study sites (black dot) within different ecological zones: Begoro in the forest area and Cape Coast in the coastal savanna area.

Table 1 Ex vivo Susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum Isolates Against Selected Antimalarial Drugs

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Figure 2 Distribution of GM IC₅₀ values of chloroquine (CQ), amodiaquine (AMD), dihydroartemisinin (DHA), artesunate (ART) and mefloquine (MFQ) against P. falciparum parasites collected from Cape Coast and Begoro. The dot and square in CQ panel indicate single IC₅₀ value outliers for Begoro and Cape Coast, respectively.

Figure 2 Distribution of GM IC50 values of chloroquine (CQ), amodiaquine (AMD), dihydroartemisinin (DHA), artesunate (ART) and mefloquine (MFQ) against P. falciparum parasites collected from Cape Coast and Begoro. The dot and square in CQ panel indicate single IC50 value outliers for Begoro and Cape Coast, respectively.

Figure 3 Distribution of GMIC₅₀ values of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro susceptibility against selected antimalarial drugs. The green dots represent individual IC₅₀ value of each parasite isolate and the horizontal lines represent the geometric mean of IC₅₀ and the 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Figure 3 Distribution of GMIC50 values of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro susceptibility against selected antimalarial drugs. The green dots represent individual IC50 value of each parasite isolate and the horizontal lines represent the geometric mean of IC50 and the 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Table 2 Pairwise Correlation of ex vivo GMIC₅₀ Values for Test Drugs

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Ex vivo Sensitivity Profile of Plasmodium falciparum Clinical Isolates to a Panel of Antimalarial Drugs in Ghana 13 Years After National Policy Change

Table 1 Ex vivo Susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum Isolates Against Selected Antimalarial Drugs

Table 2 Pairwise Correlation of ex vivo GMIC₅₀ Values for Test Drugs

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Ex vivo Sensitivity Profile of Plasmodium falciparum Clinical Isolates to a Panel of Antimalarial Drugs in Ghana 13 Years After National Policy Change

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Table 1 Ex vivo Susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum Isolates Against Selected Antimalarial Drugs

Table 2 Pairwise Correlation of ex vivo GMIC50 Values for Test Drugs

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Table 2 Pairwise Correlation of ex vivo GMIC₅₀ Values for Test Drugs