Serum IL-38 Level Was Associated with Incidence of MACE in the STEMI Patients

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flow chart in the present study.

Table 1 Clinical Data of the SAP and STEMI Patients

	SAP (n=55)	STEMI (n=589)	P-value
Age (year)	53.7±10.7	56.1±11.7	0.068
Gender (male, %)	34 (61.8)	435 (73.9)	0.056
Smoker (%)	31 (56.4)	340 (57.7)	0.856
DM (%)	6 (10.9)	162 (27.5)	0.009
Hypertension (%)	6 (10.9)	308 (52.3)	<0.001
WBC, 10^9/L	8.5±3.0	10.4±4.9	<0.001
Ejection fraction (%)	53.7±11.9	51.1±6.7	0.065
Hemoglobin (g/L)	145.3±17.6	141.7±18.3	0.091
Platelet, 10^9/L	256.0±83.9	261.0±56.4	0.301
Creatinine (µmol/l)	77.0±16.7	79.5±23.7	0.236
HbA1c (%)	5.9±0.9	6.6±1.4	<0.001
hs-CRP (mg/L)	1.6(0.6, 4.5)	2.5(5.3, 7.9)	<0.001
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	106.1±61.4	162.5±85.7	0.016
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	136.5±46.4	181.4±47.3	<0.001
LDL-C, mg/dL	84.9±22.6	145.2±64.2	<0.001
DAPT (%)	2 (3.6)	581 (98.6)	<0.001
Statins (%)	55 (100.0)	583 (99.0)	0.428
β-blockers (%)	42 (76.4)	579 (98.3)	<0.001
ACEI or ARB (%)	40 (72.7)	148 (25.1)	0.003
CCB (%)	6 (10.9)	46 (7.8)	0.434
IL-38 (ng/mL)	4.0±2.2	6.9±3.2	<0.001

Note: Values are presented as n (%), mean ± SD or median (25th–75th percentiles).

Abbreviations: WBC, white bold cell; CRP, C-reactive protein; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SD, standard deviation; TC, total cholesterol; DM, diabetes mellitus; DAPT, dual antiplatelet; CCB, calcium channel blockers; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.

Figure 2 The level of IL-38 levels in SAP and STEMI patients. The level of IL-38 levels in SAP and STEMI patients. P-values are for Student’s t-test.

Table 2 Clinical, Angiographic, and Procedural Data of the Study Patients

	IL-38>6.49 ng/mL (n=294)	IL-38≤6.49 ng/mL (n=295)	P-value
Age (year)	56.6±11.4	55.7±9.9	0.267
Gender (male, %)	210 (71.4)	225 (76.3)	0.181
Smoker (%)	140 (47.6)	200 (67.8)	<0.001
DM (%)	72 (24.5)	90 (30.5)	0.092
Hypertension (%)	150(51.0)	158 (53.6)	0.537
WBC, 10^9/L	10.7±6.0	10.9±3.29	0.171
Ejection fraction (%)	59.3±6.19	58.8±7.2	0.310
Hemoglobin (g/L)	141.9±16.6	141.4±19.9	0.432
Platelet, 10^9/L	254.0±50.8	271.7±50.8	0.014
Creatinine (µmol/l)	80.0±27.7	79.0±18.7	0.381
HbA1c (%)	6.6±1.5	6.6±1.4	0.431
hs-CRP (mg/L)	4.5(2.2, 6.3)	5.9(2.1, 7.5)	0.004
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	154.2±90.0	170.6±80.8	0.083
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	176.3±44.4	186.6±49.6	0.058
LDL-C, mg/dL	105.3±21.3	185.3±62.1	<0.001
DAPT (%)	290 (98.6)	291 (98.6)	0.997
Statins (%)	291 (99.0)	292 (99.0)	0.997
β-blockers (%)	289 (98.3)	290 (98.3)	0.996
ACEI or ARB (%)	100 (34.0)	48 (16.3)	<0.001
CCB (%)	20 (6.8)	26 (8.8)	0.389
Culprit vessel			0.760
LAD	148 (50.3)	154 (52.2)
RCA	117 (39.8)	109 (36.9)
LCX	29 (9.9)	32 (10.8)
TIMI (Pre-PCI)			0.403
0	185 (62.9)	200 (67.8)
1	55 (18.7)	45 (15.3)
2	50 (17.0)	43 (14.6)
3	4 (1.4)	7 (2.4)
TIMI (Post-PCI)			0.773
0	1 (0.3)	1 (0.3)
1	5 (1.7)	6 (2.0)
2	6 (2.0)	10 (3.4)
3	282 (95.9)	278 (94.2)
MACE	23 (7.8)	70 (23.7)	<0.001

Note: Values are presented as n (%), mean ± SD or median (25th–75th percentiles).

Abbreviations: WBC, white bold cell; CRP, C-reactive protein; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SD, standard deviation; TC, total cholesterol; DM, diabetes mellitus; DAPT, dual antiplatelet; CCB, calcium channel blockers; MACE, major adverse cardiac events; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.

Table 3 MACE Stratified by IL-38>6.49 ng/ml and IL-38≤6.49 ng/ml

	All (n=589)	IL-38>6.49 ng/mL (n=294)	IL-38≤6.49 ng/mL (n=295)	p-value
Cardiac death	7(1.18)	2(0.68)	5(1.69)	0.256
TLR	29(4.92)	8(2.72)	21(7.12)	0.013
NF-MI	24(4.07)	5(1.70)	19(6.44)	0.004
AHF	32(5.43)	8(2.72)	25(7.12)	0.002

Abbreviations: NF-MI, non-fatal myocardial infarction; AHF, acute heart failure; TLR, target lesion revascularization.

Table 4 Cox Regression Analyses of Plasma IL-38 Levels for MACE

Variables	Unadjusted			Adjusted
	HR	95% Cl	P value	HR	95% Cl	P value
Age	1.14	1.02 to 1.27	<0.001	1.08	1.02 to 1.15	0.005
Diabetes mellitus	2.12	1.10 to 4.10	<0.001	1.76	1.39 to 2.16	0.002
Hypertension	2.03	1.27 to 3.49	<0.001	1.90	1.25 to 4.80	<0.001
Smoker	2.74	1.33 to 4.00	<0.001	1.26	1.86 to 4.11	<0.001
TIMI (≤3)	2.55	1.49 to 4.44	<0.001	1.98	1.46 to 2.16	0.012
hs-CRP	0.95	0.85 to 0.98	0.032	0.96	0.86 to 0.98	0.041
LDL-C	1.11	0.88 to 1.30	0.215
Ejection fraction	0.95	0.88–0.98	0.311
WBC	1.02	0.95 to 1.13	0.333
LAD	1.34	1.09 to 1.78	0.018	1.28	1.11 to 1.77	0.017
ACEI or ARB	0.85	0.55 to 0.90	<0.001	0.89	0.66 to 0.92	0.013
IL-38	0.95	0.77 to 0.97	<0.001	0.90	0.62 to 0.95	0.040

Abbreviations: TIMI, thrombolysis in myocardial infarction; hs-CRP, high-sensitive C-reactive protein; WBC, white blood cell; LAD, Left anterior descending; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; IL-38, interleukin-38.

Figure 3 Kaplan–Meier time-to-first event curves of IL-38 separately for MACE. P-values are for Log rank test.