Formulation and characterization of chlorhexidine HCl nanoemulsion as a promising antibacterial root canal irrigant: in-vitro and ex-vivo studies

Figures & data

Figure 1 Pseudoternary phase diagrams.

Table 1 Compositions of Chx.HCl nanoemulsion formula

Code	Chx.HCl (%)	Labrafil M 1944 CS (%)	Tween 20 (%)	Tween 80 (%)	Propylene glycol (%)	Water (%)
F1	0.2	2	18			80
F2	0.2	2	14		4	80
F3	0.2	2	12		6	80
F4	0.2	2		18		80
F5	0.2	2		14	4	80
F6	0.2	2		12	6	80

Figure 2 In-vitro release of Chx.HCl from Chx.HCl powder and nanoemulsion formula.

Figure 3 Comparison between irrigants cleansing ability: (A) Nano CHX laser activation, (B) CHX laser activation, (C) Nano CHX PUI, (D) Nano CHX No activation, (E) CHX No activation and (F) CHX PUI activation.

Table 2 Results of viable count method using the pour plate method

Positive control	Bacteria only on Agar ++++ve		Bacteria only in the canals ++ve
Nanoemulsion			Normal particle size
Material concentrations	CHX I 0.75%	CHX II 1.6%	CHX 2%
Negative control	-ve	-ve	-ve
Activation methods showing number of viable colonies per plate
1- Laser	195	-ve	75
Cfu/ml	19500	-ve	7500
2- PUI	168	-ve	-ve
Cfu/ml	16800	-ve	-ve
Without activation showing number of viable colonies per plate
	180	95	120
Cfu/ml	18000	9500	12000