In-vivo Wound Healing and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Solvent Fraction of Zehneria scabra L.F. Sond (Cucurbitaceae) Leaves

Figures & data

Table 1 Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of the Hydro Alcoholic Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of Z. Scabra L.F. Sond (Cucurbitaceae) the Leaves

Phytochemical Constituents	Crude Extract	Chloroform Fraction	Ethyl Acetate Fraction	Aqueous Fraction
Alkaloids	+	−	++	+
Anthraquinone	−	−	+	−
Flavonoids	+	+	++	+
Saponins	−	−	+	+
Steroids	+	+	+	−
Tannins	+	+	++	+
Terpenoids	+	−	+	+

Notes: ++, Strong positive; +, Fair positive; −, Absent.

Figure 1 Wound healing activity of solvent fraction ointments of Z. scabra leaves in terms of wound area contraction in excision model. Results are expressed as Mean ± SEM (n, 6 mice in each group) and analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by Post Hoc Tuckey test; ^aCompared to the negative control; ¹p˂0.05, ²p˂0.01; ³p˂0.001.

Abbreviations: AQF, aqueous fraction, EAF, ethyl acetate fraction and CF, chloroform fraction, SO, simple ointment, ZS, Z scabra and NF, nitrofurazone.

Figure 2 Wound repair at different post wounding days in excision wound of mice.

Abbreviations: SO, simple ointment, NF, nitrofurazone, 5% EAF, ethyl acetate fraction, 5% AQF, aqueous fraction, 5% CF, chloroform fraction.

Figure 3 Wound healing activity of solvent fraction ointments of Z. scabra leaves on period of epithelialization in excision model. Results are expressed as Mean ± SEM (n, 6 mice in each group) and analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by Post Hoc Tuckey test; ^aCompared to the negative control; ¹p˂0.05, ²p˂0.01; ³p˂0.001.

Abbreviations: AQF, aqueous fraction, EAF, ethyl acetate fraction and CF, chloroform fraction, SO, simple ointment, ZS, Z scabra and NF, nitrofurazone.

Figure 4 Wound healing activity of solvent fraction ointments of Z. scabra leaves on tensile strength of incision model. Results are expressed as Mean ± SEM (n, 6 mice in each group) and analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by Post Hoc Tuckey test; ^aCompared to the negative control; ^bCompared to the simple ointment treated group; *p˂0.001.

Abbreviations: AQF, aqueous fraction, EAF, ethyl acetate fraction and CF, chloroform fraction, SO, simple ointment, ZS, Z scabra and NF, nitrofurazone.

Table 2 Effect of Hydro Alcoholic Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of Z. Scabra on Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema Model in Mice

Groups	Change in Edema Volume (mL) Mean ± SEM
	0hr	1hr	2hr	3hr	4hr
IND 25mg/Kg	0.62 ± 0.01	0.33 ± 0.01b^2c^2 (42.53)	0.28 ± 0.02b^1c^2d^3 (47.17)	0.26 ± 0.01b^1c^1 (57.12)	0.21 ± 0.01a1b^1c^1d^2(61.5)
DW10ml/kg	0.60 ± 0.02	0.58 ± 0.02	0.53 ± 0.01	0.61 ± 0.03	0.53 ± 0.1
ZS 100 mg/kg	0.57 ± 0.01	0.42 ± 0.01 a^2b^1 (27.01)	0.39 ± 0.01 a^1b^1d^3 (26.41)	0.38± 0.01a^1b^1d^1(37.36)	0.33 ± 0.02a^1b^1e^2(30.0)
ZS 200 mg/kg	0.57 ± 0.02	0.42 ± 0.02 a^2b^1 (27.58)	0.37 ± 0.02a^1b^1(29.56)	0.37± 0.02a^1b^1d^2(40.66)	0.27 ± 0.02a^2b^1c^1(48.48)
ZS 400 mg/kg	0.56 ± 0.01	0.38 ± 0.01b^1(34.48)	0.33 ± 0.01a^3b^1c^3(37.11)	0.29 ± 0.01b^1c^1d^2(52.2)	0.25 ± 0.01b^1c^2(52.8)
EAF 100 mg/kg	0.59 ± 0.02	0.54 ± 0.02a^2h^3(7.50)	0.47 ± 0.03a^1b^3h^3(10.70)	0.43± 0.01a^1b^1h^2(28.57)	0.40± 0.02a^1b^3h^1(25.47)
EAF200 mg/kg	0.58 ± 0.02	0.48 ± 0.02a^1b^2(16.67)	0.43 ± 0.02a^1b^1(18.24)	0.40 ± 0.01a^1b^1(34.07)	0.37 ± 0.02a^1b^1h^2(30.43)
EAF400 mg/kg	0.59 ± 0.01	0.46 ± 0.02a^1b^1f^3(19.54)	0.41 ± 0.02a^1b^1f^3(21.38)	0.37 ± 0.02a^1b^1f^3(39.56)	0.33 ± 0.01a^1b^1f^1g^2(39.13)
AQ 100 mg/kg	0.58 ± 0.01	0.55 ± 0.02a^1k^3(4.60)	0.51 ± 0.02a^1(4.4)	0.43 ± 0.02a^1b^1(26.37)	0.42 ± 0.02a^1b^1j^2k^1(21.12)
AQ 200 mg/kg	0.60 ± 0.02	0.52± 0.02a^1(9.20)	0.45 ± 0.02a^1b^1(15.72)	0.40 ± 0.01a^1b^1(29.67)	0.37 ± 0.01a^1b^1i^3(30.43)
AQ 400 mg/kg	0.60 ± 0.02	0.49 ± 0.01a^1b^2(14.94)	0.45 ± 0.01a^1b^1i^3(15.72)	0.33 ± 0.02a^1b^1(32.97)	0.25 ± 0.02a^1b^1i^1(34.16)
CF 100 mg/kg	0.58 ± 0.01	0.57 ± 0.01a^1(1.70)	0.52 ± 0.01b^1n^3(2.51)	0.46 ± 0.02a^1b^1(23.61)	0.41 ± 0.01a^1b^1n^3(23.62)
CF 200 mg/kg	0.6 ± 0.01	0.54 ± 0.02a^1(6.32)	0.47 ± 0.02a^1(11.32)	0.43 ± 0.01a^1b^3(28.57)	0.40 ± 0.01a^1b^3(24.22)
CF 400 mg/kg	0.6 ± 0.02	0.52 ± 0.01a^1l^3(9.20)	0.48 ± 0.01a^1l^3(8.80)	0.34 ± 0.03a^3b^3(28.02)	0.40 ± 0.01a^1b^2l^3(25.47)

Notes: Results are expressed as Mean ± SEM (n, 6); analysis was performed with One-Way ANOVA followed by Tukey post Hoc. ^aCompared to +ve control, ^bCompared to -ve control, ^cCompared to 100 mg/kg, ^dCompare to 200 mg/kg, ^eCompare to 400 mg/kg, ^fCompared to 100mg/kg CF, ^gCompared to 200mg/kg CF, ^h compared to 400mg/kg CF, ^ICompared to 100mg/kg AQ, ^jCompared to 200mg/kg AQ, ^kCompared to 400mg/kg AQ, ^lCompared to 100mg/kg EAF, ⁿCompared to 400mg/kg EAF, ¹p < 0.001, ²p < 0.01, ³p < 0.05. The data in parenthesis showed the percentage inhibition of paw edema at each time of observation.