Current Perspective of Traditional Chinese Medicines and Active Ingredients in the Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Figures & data

Table 1 Clinical Studies on the Efficacy of TCM in the Treatment of HCC

Medication	Patients (Cases)	Enrolling Condition	Effect	Reference
Huaier granule	686	Patient underwent curative resection of HCC	Reduce recurrence rate and prolong recurrence-free survival	[^Citation14]
	62	Patients diagnosed with HCC	Prolong survival, reduce the number of interventional treatment and improve the tumor response rate	[^Citation16]
JPLQ	150	Patients with unresectable HCC who had received TACE treatment	Relieve the Postembolization syndrome, improve the QoL of patients after TACE, and repair liver function damage	[^Citation17]
CHHJ	125	Patients with unresectable HCC who has received TACE treatment	Improve 3-year overall survival and reduce the occurrence of side effects after TACE	[^Citation19]
BXXX	68	Adults with advanced HCC	Achieve the median PFS of 6.07 months	[^Citation20]
ESQJR	137	Patients with HCC underwent tumor resection	Improve the prognosis and tumor recurrence	[^Citation21]
Jie Du granule	177	Patients with advanced HCC	Prolong survival of patients with advanced HCC	[^Citation23]
	190	HCC patients with PVTT	Prolong survival in HCC-PVTT patients	[^Citation24]

Abbreviations: HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; TCM, traditional Chinese medicine; TACE, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization; JPLQ, Jian Pi Li Qi decoction; CHHJ, Chaihu Huaji decoction; BXXX, Banxia XieXin decoction; ESQJR, Erzhu Qinggan Jiedu Recipe; PFS, progression-free survival; QoL, quality of life.

Figure 1 The inhibitory effect of Chinese herbal compound and monomers on HCC. Chinese herbal medicine inhibits the occurrence and development of HCC through multiple mechanisms such as inhibition of cell proliferation, cell cycle regulation, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of cells metastasis, induction of autophagy and inhibition of angiogenesis. Created with BioRender.com.

Abbreviations: HCC, Hepatocellular carcinoma; TCM, traditional Chinese medicine; CCRK, cell-cycle related kinase; GPX4, glutathione peroxidase 4.

Figure 2 TCM induces cell death in HCC through regulation of various immune cells in the TME. TCM including compound and monomers enhances the immune response by inducing the activation of immunostimulatory cells (CD8⁺T cell/ CD4⁺T cell/DC cell/NK cell) and suppressing immunosuppressive cells (Treg/ MDSCs/ TAMs). Created with BioRender.com.

Abbreviations: DAMPs, damage-associated molecular patterns; DC, dendritic cell; ICD, immunogenic cell death; JLC, Jinlong capsule; FZQJ, Fuzheng Qingjie Granules; FM, Frankincense and myrrh; Treg, Regulatory T; MDSCs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells; TAMs, tumor-associated macrophages; APS, Astragalus polysaccharides; JHD, jianpi huayu decoction; CKI, Compound Kushen Injection; BB, Bombyx batryticatus; GLP, ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide.

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