The Prognostic Value of Baseline Clinical and Radiologic Imaging Features in Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline Descriptive Clinical, Biochemical and Radiologic Statistics

Characteristics	Entire Cohort (n = 55)	Treatment Naïve Patients (n = 23)	Patients Who Received Prior Treatment (n = 32)
Age - median year - median (min-max; IQR)	66.0 (36–80; 12)	65 (36–80; 10)	68.0 (52–80; 14)
≤65	24 (43.6)	12 (52.2)	12 (37.5)
>65	31 (56.4)	11 (47.8)	20 (62.5)
Gender - n (%)
Female	10 (18.2)	7 (30.4)	3 (87.5)
Male	45 (81.8)	16 (69.6)	4 (12.5)
Largest intrahepatic tumor diameter, median cm (min-max; IQR)	6.9 (1.4–17.5; 7.5)	9.2 (2.8–17.5; 7.2)	4.3 (1.4–16.1; 7.5)
≤7 cm	28 (52.8)	8 (34.8)	20 (66.7)
>7 cm	25 (47.2)	15 (65.2)	10 (33.3)
Number of intra-hepatic disease foci - n (%)
0–3	9 (16.4)	1 (34.8)	8 (25.0)
≥4	46 (83.6)	22 (95.7)	24 (75.0)
Portal vein tumor thrombus - n (%)
None	34 (61.8)	12 (52.2)	22 (68.8)
Small (<2cm)	6 (10.9)	3 (13.0)	3 (9.4)
>2cm without main portal vein involvement	10 (18.2)	4 (17.4)	6 (18.8)
>2cm with main portal vein involvement	5 (9.1)	4 (17.4)	1 (3.1)
Hepatic vein tumor thrombus - n (%)
None	49 (89.1)	19 (82.6)	30 (93.8)
Small (<2cm)	4 (7.3)	2 (8.7)	2 (6.3)
>2cm without inferior vena cava involvement	1 (1.8)	1 (4.3)	0 (0.0)
>2cm with inferior vena cava involvement	1 (1.8)	1 (4.3)	0 (0.0)
Metastases (nodal and non-nodal) - n (%)
Absent	37 (67.3)	17 (73.9)	20 (62.5)
Present	18 (32.7)	6 (26.1)	12 (37.5)
AFP, median ng/dL (min-max; IQR)	349 (2.7–201,700; 5695)	954 (3.2–169,990; 11,385)	27.5 (2.7–201,700; 1327)
≤400 ng/dL	28 (50.9)	7 (30.4)	21 (65.6)
>400 ng/dL	27 (49.1)	16 (69.6)	11 (34.4)
INR, median (min-max; IQR)	1.1 (0.9–1.96; 0.2)	1.18 (0.99–1.96; 0.29)	1.1 (0.9–1.7; 0.2)
≤1.5	53 (96.4)	22 (95.7)	31 (96.9)
>1.5	2 (3.6)	1 (4.3)	1 (3.1)
Albumin, median g/dL (min-max; IQR)	3.6 (2.6–3.8; 0.7)	3.6 (2.8–4.7; 0.7)	3.6 (2.6–4.7; 0.6)
<3.5 g/dL	27 (49.1)	11 (47.8)	16 (50.0)
>3.5 g/dL	28 (50.9)	12 (52.2)	16 (50.0)
Total bilirubin, median mg/dL (min-max; IQR)	0.8 (0.3–3.8; 0.6)	0.8 (0.3–1.9; 0.6)	0.9 (0.3–3.8; 0.8)
<2.0 mg/dL	51 (92.7)	23 (100.0)	28 (87.5)
>2.0 mg/dL	4 (7.3)	0 (0.0)	4 (12.5)
Child-Pugh score - n (%)
A5	21 (38.2)	10 (43.5)	11 (34.4)
A6	9 (16.4)	4 (17.4)	5 (15.6)
B7	15 (27.3)	5 (21.7)	10 (31.3)
B8	9 (16.4)	3 (13.0)	6 (18.8)
B9	1 (1.8)	1 (4.3)	0 (0.0)
MELD score, median (min-max; IQR)	9 (6–21; 3)	9 (6–21; 2)	9 (6–15; 3)
≤9	36 (65.5)	17 (73.9)	19 (59.4)
>9	19 (34.5)	6 (26.1)	13 (40.6)

Note: More detailed data can be found in the supplementary material.

Abbreviations: INR, international normalized ratio; IQR, interquartile range; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease.

Table 2 Response Assessment to Atezolizumab-Bevacizumab

Characteristics	Entire Cohort (n = 55)	Treatment Naïve Patients (n = 23)	Patients Who Received Prior Treatment (n = 32)
Follow-up duration, median months (min-max; IQR)	7.9 (1.0–46.6; 10.0)	7.4 (1.0–26.9; 7.3)	9.2 (1.6–46.6; 9.4)
Progression - n (%)
Absent	10 (18.2)	5 (21.7)	5 (15.6)
Present	45 (81.8)	18 (78.3)	27 (84.4)
Cause of progression - n (%)
Toxicity/lack of tolerance	9 (16.4)	6 (26.1)	3 (9.4)
Radiologic progression	31 (56.4)	11 (47.8)	20 (62.5)
Death	5 (9.1)	1 (4.3)	4 (12.5)
No progression	10 (18.2)	5 (21.7)	5 (15.6)
Progression free survival, median months (min-max; IQR)	3.0 (0.3–26.9; 6.1)	2.8 (0.3–26.9; 6.1)	3.9 (0.6–16.0; 6.1)
3-month progression-free survival (%)	50.1	43.5	56.3
6-month progression-free survival (%)	41.2	38.6	43.3
12-month progression-free survival (%)	20.1	24.8	17.3
Overall survival, median months (min-max; IQR)	7.9 (1.0–46.6; 10.0)	7.4 (1.0–26.9; 7.3)	9.2 (1.6–46.6; 9.4)
3-month overall survival (%)	85.5	83	93.8
6-month overall survival (%)	79.8	64.7	90.6
12-month overall survival (%)	45.7	33.6	53.9
Best overall response RECIST 1.1 - n (%)
Progressive disease	21 (38.2)	8 (34.8)	13 (40.6)
Stable disease	12 (21.8)	4 (17.4)	8 (25.0)
Partial response	15 (27.3)	7 (30.4)	8 (25.0)
Complete response	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Could not be evaluated	7 (12.7)	4 (17.4)	3 (9.4)
Best overall response mRECIST - n (%)
Progressive disease	21 (38.2)	8 (34.8)	13 (40.6)
Stable disease	12 (21.8)	4 (17.4)	8 (25.0)
Partial response	13 (23.6)	6 (26.1)	7 (21.9)
Complete response	2 (3.6)	1 (4.3)	1 (3.1)
Could not be evaluated	7 (12.7)	4 (17.4)	3 (9.4)

Note: More detailed data can be found in the supplementary material.

Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; RECIST, response evaluation criteria in solid tumors; mRECIST, modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors.

Table 3 Univariate and Multivariate Analyses for Progression Free Survival of the Entire Cohort

Characteristics	Progression-Free Survival of the Entire Cohort (n = 55)
	Univariate Analysis			Multivariate Analysis
	Censored, n (%)	Median (95% CI), Months	p-value	HR (95% CI)	p-value
Ascites
None	7 (18.9)	6.3 (1.2–11.4)	0.005	1.34 (0.36–5.05)	0.663
Mild	3 (16.7)	2 (0.3–3.7)
Pleural effusion
None	10 (20.0)	3.2 (0.0–6.7)	0.022	6.3 (1.03–38.90)	0.047
Mild	0 (0.0)	0.9 (0.3–1.5)
Tumor margin
Well-demarcated	6 (27.3)	4.6 (0.0–17.9)	0.017	0.96 (0.25–3.61)	0.946
Irregular/infiltrative	4 (12.9)	2.8 (2.5–3.1)
Tumor pre-contrast density
<40	1 (5.9)	2.8 (2.3–3.3)	0.037	0.55 (0.19–1.62)	0.279
≥40	5 (29.4)	4.9 (0.0–14.5)
Tumor arterial phase density
≤100	1 (5.3)	2.7 (2.1–3.3)	0.012	0.51 (0.13–1.92)	0.317
>100	5 (33.3)	7.2 (0.0–17.6)
Portal vein tumor thrombus
None or <2cm	7 (17.5)	4.9 (0.4–9.4)	0.044	0.12 (0.05–1.39)	0.117
> 2cm with or without main portal vein involvement	3 (20.0)	1.6 (0.4–2.8)
Hepatic vein tumor thrombus
Absent	10 (20.4)	4.9 (1.4–8.4)	<0.001	23.37 (2.63–207.67)	0.005
Present	6 (0.0)	0.7 (0.1–1.3)
Cavernous transformation
Absent	10 (20.4)	4.9 (0.7–9.1)	0.001	1.36 (0.16–11.72)	0.779
Present	0 (0.0)	0.8 (0.0–1.9)
Spleen volume
<450 cm^3	7 (28.0)	7.7 (0.4–15.0)	0.014	4.12 (0.97–17.56)	0.056
>450 cm^3	3 (10.0)	2.8 (2.4–3.2)
Heterogeneous extra-abdominal lymph node
Absent	10 (20.0)	4.5 (0.9–8.1)	0.016	0.84 (0.12–5.79)	0.859
Present	0 (0.0)	2.0 (0.7–3.3)
Tumor in/out of phase drop ratio
≤10%	3 (37.5)	15.4 (1.2–29.6)	0.047
>10%	0 (0.0)	0.8 (0.0–3.0)
Albumin
<3.5 g/dL	3 (11.1)	2.8 (2.1–3.5)	0.002
>3.5 g/dL	7 (25.0)	6.5 (0.1–12.9)
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio
≤3	4 (19.0)	7.3 (3.6–10.9)	0.042	1.28 (0.32–5.20)	0.726
>3	6 (17.6)	2.8 (2.3–3.3)
Platelet to lymphocyte ratio
<230	7 (19.4)	6.3 (3.2–9.4)	0.033	2.40 (0.40–14.34)	0.337
≥230	3 (15.8)	2.4 (2.0–2.8)
ALBI score
≤-2.6 (grade 1)	5 (29.4)	8.6 (0.0–19.5)	0.010	0.47 (0.09–2.42)	0.363
> −2.6 (grade 2 and 3)	5 (13.2)	2.8 (2.3–3.3)

Notes: Note that only parameters that reached statistical significance on univariate analysis (p<0.05, indicated in bold) are listed above; analyses of other variables are detailed in the supplementary material.

Abbreviation: ALBI score, Albumin-Bilirubin score.

Table 4 Univariate and Multivariate Analyses of Overall Survival for the Entire Cohort

Characteristics	Overall Survival of the Entire Cohort (n = 55)
	Univariate Analysis			Multivariate Analysis
	Censored, n (%)	Median (95% CI), Months	p-value	HR (95% CI)	p-value
Ascites
None	17 (45.9)	12.8 (7.1–18.5)	<0.001	34.37 (2.53–467.64)	0.008
Mild	5 (27.8)	7.3 (1.2–13.4)
Pleural effusion
None	21 (42.0)	12.3 (8.6–16.0)	0.015	110.17 (5.00–2426.54)	0.003
Mild	1 (20.0)	7.7 (2.1–13.3)
Largest intrahepatic tumor diameter
≤7 cm	15 (53.6)	15.5 (12.6–18.4)	0.016	0.34 (0.01–11.05)	0.542
>7 cm	5 (20.0)	8.9 (7.3–10.5)
Number of intra-hepatic disease foci
0–3	8 (88.9)	N/A	0.042	N/A	0.979
≥4	14 (30.4)	9.4 (6.7–12.1)
Tumor margin
Well-demarcated	12 (54.5)	19.2 (14.7–23.7)	<0.001	6.11 (0.13–282.3)	0.355
Irregular/infiltrative	8 (25.8)	7.9 (6.9–8.9)
Enhancing capsule
Absent	14 (36.8)	9.0 (7.4–10.6)	0.032	0.34 (0.01–11.01)	0.542
Present	6 (40.0)	18.7 (12.6–24.8)
Tumor pre-contrast density
<40	5 (29.4)	8.9 (6.3–11.5)	0.046	0.09 (0.02–0.53)	0.007
≥40	7 (41.2)	11.3 (0.0–24.1)
Portal vein tumor thrombus
None or <2cm	16 (40.0)	12.8 (7.4–18.2)	0.012	1.52 (0.14–16.07)	0.727
> 2cm with or without main portal vein involvement	6 (40.0)	7.9 (1.9–14.0)
Hepatic vein tumor thrombus
Absent	20 (40.8)	11.3 (7.6–15.0)	0.003	7.48 (0.30–188.2)	0.222
Present	2 (33.3)	2.8 (0.8–4.8)
Cavernous transformation
Absent	21 (42.9)	11.3 (7.6–15.0)	<0.001	0.30 (0.01–11.36)	0.515
Present	1 (16.7)	1.4 (0.0–3.2)
Biliary dilatation or biliary stent
Absent	17 (42.5)	12.8 (7.8–17.8)	0.021	2.60 (0.22–31.34)	0.452
Present	5 (33.3)	6.3 (0.0–13.1)
Spleen volume, cm^3
<450 cm^3	14 (56.0)	18.7 (9.1–28.3)	0.002	6.91 (0.68–69.79)	0.101
>450 cm^3	8 (26.7)	7.7 (7.0–8.4)
Recanalization of umbilical vein
Absent	14 (51.9)	14.8 (8.0–21.6)	0.005	4.44 (0.71–27.97)	0.112
Present	8 (28.6)	7.9 (5.3–10.5)
Short axis of largest locoregional lymph node
<1.0 cm	15 (45.5)	12.3 (6.9–17.7)	0.039	0.49 (0.05–4.42)	0.521
>1.0 cm	7 (31.8)	7.7 (5.5–9.9)
Albumin
<3.5 g/dL	6 (22.2)	7.7 (5.8–9.6)	<0.001
>3.5 g/dL	16 (57.1)	18.7 (14.6–22.8)
Direct bilirubin
<0.8 mg/dL	20 (40.8)	11.3 (7.7–14.9)	0.001	5.69 (0.09–362.51)	0.412
>0.8 mg/dL	2 (33.3)	1.6 (0.0–4.5)
Hemoglobin
<12.0 g/dL	7 (35.0)	7.9 (7.6–8.2)	0.011	5.04 (0.40–63.19)	0.21
>12.0 g/dL	15 (42.9)	14.8 (6.4–23.2)
MELD score
≤9	15 (41.7)	12.8 (3.2–22.4)	0.045
>9	7 (36.8)	8.9 (5.8–12.0)
ALBI score
≤-2.6 (grade 1)	11 (64.7)	19.2 (18.1–20.3)	<0.001	1.23 (0.05–29.47)	0.898
> −2.6 (grade 2 and 3)	11 (28.9)	7.9 (6.4–9.4)

Notes: Note that only parameters that reached statistical significance on univariate analysis (p<0.05, indicated in bold) are listed above; analyses of other variables are detailed in the supplementary material.

Abbreviations: ALBI score, Albumin-Bilirubin score; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease.

Table 5 Univariate and Multivariate Analyses of Progression Free Survival for Treatment Naïve Patients (n = 23)

Characteristics	Progression-Free Survival for Treatment Naïve Patients (n = 23)
	Univariate Analysis			Multivariate Analysis
	Censored, n (%)	Median (95% CI), Months	p-value	HR (95% CI)	p-value
Pleural effusion
None	5 (23.8)	2.8 (0.0–6.0)	0.048	0.00 (0->1000)	0.947
Mild	0 (0.0)	0.3 (N/A)
Tumor margin
Well-demarcated	3 (33.3)	12.0 (0.0–28.1)	0.028	4.08 (0.06–263.30)	0.508
Irregular/infiltrative	2 (14.3)	2.4 (0.0–4.8)
Tumor arterial phase density
≤100 HU	0 (0.0)	2.3 (0.8–3.8)	0.022	0.00 (0->1000)	0.931
>100 HU	3 (37.5)	4.9 (0.0–18.0)
Hepatic vein tumor thrombus
Absent	5 (26.3)	4.9 (0.4–9.4)	0.001	8119.5 (0->1000)	0.929
Present	0 (0.0)	0.7 (0.0–1.7)
Cavernous transformation
Absent	5 (27.8)	4.9 (0.0–12.9)	0.002	0.38 (0.01–26.11)	0.651
Present	0 (0.0)	0.8 (0.6–1.0)
Spleen volume, cm^3
<450 cm^3	4 (30.8)	12.0 (0.0–25.9)	0.042	1466.5 (0->1000)	0.943
>450 cm^3	1 (10.0)	2.3 (0.1–4.5)
Short axis of largest locoregional lymph node
<1.0 cm	4 (30.8)	7.3 (0.0–14.9)	0.045	3.69 (0.14–99.1)	0.437
>1.0 cm	1 (10.0)	1.6 (0.1–3.2)
INR
≤1.5	5 (22.7)	2.8 (0.0–5.6)	0.049
>1.5	0 (0.0)	0.7 (N/A)
Albumin
<3.5 g/dL	1 (9.1)	1.6 (0.0–3.8)	0.010
>3.5 g/dL	4 (33.3)	12.0 (0.0–32.4)
Direct bilirubin
<0.8 mg/dL	5 (23.8)	2.8 (0.0–6.0)	0.010
>0.8 mg/dL	0 (0.0)	0.7 (N/A)
Platelet to lymphocyte ratio
<230	4 (26.7)	7.3 (0.0–15.1)	0.050	0.00 (0->1000)	0.942
≥230	1 (12.5)	1.6 (0.1–3.1)
MELD score
≤9	5 (29.4)	7.3 (0.0–15.0)	0.008	0.00 (0->1000)	0.950
>9	0 (0.0)	0.7 (0.0–2.0)
ALBI score
≤-2.6 (grade 1)	3 (33.3)	12.0 (0.0–27.6)	0.010
> −2.6 (grade 2 and 3)	2 (14.3)	1.6 (0.0–3.4)

Notes: Note that only parameters that reached statistical significance on univariate analysis (p<0.05, indicated in bold) are listed above; analyses of other variables are detailed in the supplementary material.

Abbreviations: ALBI score, Albumin-Bilirubin score; INR, international normalized ratio; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease.

Table 6 Univariate and Multivariate Analyses of Overall Survival for Treatment Naïve Patients (n = 23)

Characteristics	Overall Survival for Treatment Naïve Patients (n = 23)
	Univariate Analysis			Multivariate Analysis
	Censored, n (%)	Median (95% CI), Months	p-value	HR (95% CI)	p-value
Ascite
None	5 (35.7)	10.0 (7.1–12.9)	0.029	3.78 (0.2–69.69)	0.372
Mild	3 (33.3)	3.3 (0.0–7.9)
Pleural effusion
None	8 (38.1)	9.0 (7.1–10.9)	0.021	206.34 (1.41–30,167.58)	0.036
Mild	0 (0.0)	1.0 (N/A)
Tumor margin
Well-demarcated	5 (55.6)	19.2 (18.2–20.2)	0.005	9.18 (0.21–393.27)	0.248
Irregular/infiltrative	3 (21.4)	7.7 (0.0–19.0)
Extracapsular extension
Absent	5 (27.8)	7.9 (2.8–13.0)	0.017	0.43 (0.03–5.52)	0.517
Present	3 (60.0)	N/A
Cavernous transformation
Absent	7 (38.9)	9.0 (6.6–11.4)	0.013	8.62 (0.51–145.12)	0.135
Present	1 (20.0)	1.4 (1.0–1.8)
Spleen volume, cm^3
<450 cm^3	7 (53.8)	18.7 (7.1–30.3)	0.001	0.15 (0.01–1.97)	0.150
>450 cm^3	1 (10.0)	3.3 (2.4–4.2)
Recanalization of umbilical vein
Absent	5 (50.0)	10.0 (7.5–12.5)	0.028	0 (0->10,000)	0.913
Present	3 (23.1)	3.4 (2.9–4.5)
Periesophageal varices
Absent	6 (54.5)	10.0 (0.0–22.2)	0.008	202,203.26 (0->10,000)	0.905
Present	2 (16.7)	3.3 (2.3–4.3)
INR
≤1.5	8 (36.4)	8.2 (6.3–10.1)	0.002	15.74 (0.04–6864.24)	0.374
>1.5	0 (0.0)	1.2 (N/A)
Albumin
<3.5 g/dL	2 (18.2)	2.7 (0.0–9.0)	0.003
>3.5 g/dL	6 (50.0)	18.7 (0.0–41.3)
Direct bilirubin
<0.8 mg/dL	8 (38.1)	9.0 (7.0–10.9)	0.001
>0.8 mg/dL	0 (0.0)	1.2 (N/A)
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio
≤3	4 (30.8)	10.0 (7.1–12.9)	0.038	7.21 (0.3–172.93)	0.223
>3	4 (40.0)	3.3 (0.6–6.0)
ALBI score
≤-2.6 (grade 1)	5 (55.6)	19.2 (8.1–30.3)	0.001	8.79 (0.36–213.3)	0.182
> −2.6 (grade 2 and 3)	3 (21.4)	3.3 (2.2–4.4)

Notes: Note that only parameters that reached statistical significance on univariate analysis (p<0.05, indicated in bold) are listed above; analyses of other variables are detailed in the supplementary material.

Abbreviations: ALBI score, Albumin-Bilirubin score; INR, international normalized ratio.

Table 7 Univariate and Multivariate Analyses of Progression Free Survival for Patients Who Received Prior Therapy (n = 32)

Characteristics	Progression-Free Survival for Patients Who Received Prior Therapy (n = 32)
	Univariate Analysis			Multivariate Analysis
	Censored, n (%)	Median (95% CI), Months	p-value	HR (95% CI)	p-value
Ascites
None	4 (17.4)	6.5 (0.7–12.4)	0.035	2.84 (0.67–11.99)	0.156
Mild	1 (11.1)	3.0 (1.2–4.8)
Tumor pre-contrast density
<40 HU	0 (0.0)	2.8 (1.4–4.2)	0.026	0.22 (0.06–0.84)	0.027
≥40 HU	3 (33.3)	11.3 (0.0–27.7)
Hepatic vein tumor thrombus
Absent	5 (16.7)	4.5 (0.5–8.5)	<0.001	24.87 (1.44–430.07)	0.027
Present	0 (0.0)	0.6 (N/A)
Heterogeneous extra-abdominal lymph node
Absent	5 (17.2)	6.0 (1.0–11.0)	<0.001	12.26 (0.89–169.46)	0.061
Present	3 (0.0)	1.4 (0.1–2.7)
Tumor in/out of phase drop ratio
≤10%	1 (33.3)	15.4 (N/A)	0.039
>10%	0 (0.0)	1.4 (N/A)

Notes: Note that only parameters that reached statistical significance on univariate analysis (p<0.05, indicated in bold) are listed above; analyses of other variables are detailed in the supplementary material.

Table 8 Univariate and Multivariate Analyses of Overall Survival for Patients Who Received Prior Therapy (n = 32)

Characteristics	Overall Survival for Patients Who Received Prior Therapy (n = 32)
	Univariate Analysis			Multivariate Analysis
	Censored, n (%)	Median (95% CI), Months	p-value	HR (95% CI)	p-value
Ascites
None	12 (52.2)	12.8 (7.0–18.6)	0.014	58.83 (2.98–1163.13)	0.007
Mild	2 (22.2)	7.3 (5.4–9.2)
Largest intrahepatic tumor diameter
≤7 cm	11 (55.0)	15.5 (13.0–18.0)	0.028	3.82 (0.47–31.06)	0.210
>7 cm	1 (10.0)	8.9 (4.4–13.4)
Tumor margin
Well-demarcated	7 (53.8)	16.5 (5.2–27.8)	0.006	0.60 (0.07–5.25)	0.646
Irregular/infiltrative	5 (29.4)	9.4 (5.7–12.9)
Extracapsular extension
Absent	11 (52.4)	14.8 (6.4–23.2)	0.046	0.11 (0.00–3.82)	0.221
Present	1 (11.1)	11.3 (6.5–16.1)
Tumor pre-contrast density
<40 HU	2 (16.7)	8.9 (5.2–12.6)	0.012	0.09 (0.01–0.80)	0.030
≥40 HU	5 (55.6)	27.0 (N/A)
Portal vein tumor thrombus
None or <2cm	11 (44.0)	14.8 (10.5–19.1)	0.060	1.29 (0.08–21.70)	0.860
> 2cm with or without main portal vein involvement	3 (42.9)	8.9 (3.4–14.4)
Hepatic vein tumor thrombus
Absent	13 (43.3)	12.8 (7.8–17.8)	0.031	2.5 (0.02–281.26)	0.703
Present	1 (50.0)	2.8 (N/A)
Cavernous transformation
Absent	14 (45.2)	12.8 (7.9–17.7)	0.003	0.73 (0.01–65.58)	0.890
Present	0 (0.0)	3.1 (N/A)
Albumin
<3.5 g/dL	4 (25.0)	7.7 (6.0–9.4)	<0.001
>3.5 g/dL	10 (62.5)	27.0 (11.4–42.6)
Direct bilirubin
<0.8 mg/dL	12 (42.9)	12.8 (7.9–17.7)	0.008
>0.8 mg/dL	2 (50.0)	12.3 (9.0–15.5)
Hemoglobin
<12.0 g/dL	4 (30.8)	8.9 (7.3–10.5)	0.005	0.32 (0.01–8.83)	0.498
>12.0 g/dL	10 (52.6)	16.5 (6.9–26.1)
ALBI score
≤-2.6 (grade 1)	6 (75.0)	N/A	0.008	6.00 (0.3–118.48)	0.239
> −2.6 (grade 2 and 3)	8 (33.3)	9.4 (6.1–12.7)

Notes: Note that only parameters that reached statistical significance on univariate analysis (p<0.05, indicated in bold) are listed above; analyses of other variables are detailed in the supplementary material.

Abbreviation: ALBI score, albumin-bilirubin score.