Clinical Characteristics of Non-B and Non-C Biopsy-Proven Primary Liver Cancers in an HBV- Endemic Area: A Retrospective Study

Figures & data

Figure 1 Aetiology of 1854 patients with primary liver cancer (PLC), treated at the Second Xiangya Hospitals, Central South University from 2015 to 2021. The major cause of HCC is hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, followed by non-B non-C (NBNC) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.

Figure 2 Flowchart of NBNC primary liver cancer screened.

Table 1 Characteristics of 86 Patients with Non-B Non-C Primary Liver Cancer

Characteristics	n (%)
Sex, male	37 (43.0%)
Age (years)
Mean ± SD	57.48±11.01
≥50, n (%)	75 (87.2%)
BMI (kg/m^2) (M±SD)	22.92±3.24
≥24	38 (44.2%)
History of chronic alcohol	7 (8.2%)
History of smoking	16 (18.6%)
Diabetes mellitus	20 (23.3%)
Hypertension	15 (17.4%)
Hyperlipidaemia	32 (37.2%)
Fatty liver	13 (15.1%)
Bile duct stones	22 (25.6%)
Underlying cirrhosis	10 (11.6%)
No cirrhosis	76 (88.4%)
Child-Pugh class A cirrhosis	70 (81.4%)
Platelet count, x 10^3/m^3 (M±SD)	237.82±76.68
Total bilirubin level, mg/dl, (M±SD)	28.71±59.84
AST, IU/l, (M±SD)	53.01±55.06
Albumin level, g/dl,(M±SD)	37.81±4.83
GGT (M±SD)	228.54±290.64
AFP (ng/mL)
>200	8 (9.3%)
CA199 (u/mL)
>400	27 (31.4%)
Tumour number
1	63 (73.3%)
≥2	23 (26.7%)
Maximum tumour diameter (cm)
<5	14 (16.3%)
Gross portal vein invasion	30 (34.9%)
HCC stage, BCLC
0-B	39 (45.3%)
C-D	47 (54.6%)
Tumor pathological type
ICC	70 (81.4%)
HCC	11 (12.8%)
Other	5 (5.8%)
Tumor differentiation status
Lower	12 (13.9%)
Media	59 (68.6%)
Higher	15 (17.4%)

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; BMI, Body mass index; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; AST; aspartate aminotransferase; BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; AFP, alpha-foetoprotein; CA199, cancer antigen 199; ICC, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma.

Table 2 Comparison of the Clinical Features of NBNC PLC Among ICC and HCC Groups

Characteristics	ICC (70)	HCC (11)	p-value
Sex, male	24 (34.3%)	9 (81.8%)	0.008
Age (years)
Mean ± SD	56.16±10.884	65.55±7.062	0.007
≥50	52 (74.2%)	11 (100%)
BMI (kg/m^2) (M±SD)	22.16±0.50	25.24±0.69	0.007
≥24	13 (30.2%)	9 (90.0%)	0.001
History of chronic alcohol, n (%)	4 (5.8%)	1 (9.1%)	0.178
Diabetes mellitus	14 (20.0%)	4 (36.4%)	0.277
Hypertension	9 (12.9%)	4 (36.4%)	0.125
Dyslipidemia	26 (37.1%)	6 (54.5%)	0.032
Fatty liver	10 (14.3%)	3 (27.3%)	0.516
Biliary inflammatory diseases	33 (47.1%)	1 (9.1%)	0.002
Intrahepatic biliary lithiasis	22 (31.4%)	1 (9.1%)	0.035
Underlying cirrhosis	5 (7.1%)	4 (36.4%)	0.019
Child-Pugh class A cirrhosis	56 (84.8%)	10 (90.9%)	0.077
Platelet count, x 103/m3 (M±SD)	250.16±73.58	158.73±35.09	0.002
Total bilirubin level, mg/dl, (M±SD)	31.88±66.73	17.33±14.66	0.308
AST, IU/l, (M±SD)	53.021±55.04	65.66±65.50	0.168
Albumin level, g/dl,(M±SD)	37.52±4.85	38.96±4.83	0.267
GGT (M±SD)	262.75±316.92	106.64±114.50	0.016
AFP (ng/mL)
>200	2 (2.9%)	6 (54.5%)	0.005
CA199 (u/mL)
>100	55 (78.5%)	0	0.002
Tumour number
1	50 (71.4%)	11 (100%)	0.65
≥2	20 (28.5%)	0
Maximum tumour diameter (cm)
>5	55 (84.6%)	8 (72.7%)	0.592
Gross portal vein invasion	27 (39.7%)	3 (27.3%)
PLC stage, BCLC
0-B	26 (40.0%)	9 (81.8%)	0.019
C-D	39 (60.0%)	2 (18.2%)
Tumor differentiation status
Lower	8 (11.8%)	0 (0.0%)	0.437
Media	57 (81.4%)	9 (81.8%)
Higher	5 (7.4%)	2 (18.2%)

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; BMI, Body mass index; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; AST; aspartate aminotransferase; BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; AFP, alpha-foetoprotein; CA199, cancer antigen 199; PLC, primary liver cancer; ICC, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma.