The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Pistacia Lentiscus in a Rat Model of Colitis

Figures & data

Table 1 Criteria to Scale the Macroscopic Morphological Damage of the Colonic Mucosa

Score Gross Morphology
0	No macroscopic damage
1	Localized hyperemia, but no ulcers or erosions
2	Ulcers or erosions with no significant inflammation
3	Ulcers or erosions with inflammation at one site
4	Two or more sites of ulceration and/or inflammation
5	Two or more major sites of inflammation and ulceration or one major site of inflammation and ulceration extending >1 cm along the length of the colon

Figure 1 Macroscopic presentation of rat colons in treatment groups. Control (A) which shows intact colon, Colitis without treatment (B) which shows the highest level of tissue injuries like edema, erythema, ulcer, necrosis and thickening of tissue. Mastic oil: orally (C) and enema (D), prednisolone (E) and sesame oil (F) treated colons represents healing of ulcers and obvious improvement in tissue injuries.

Figure 2 Gross morphology score in groups. *Normal tissues were significantly different compared with colitis (p=0.016) and prednisolone decreased gross score but statistically non-significant (p=0.057).

Figure 3 Effect of mastic oil (400 mg/kg) and prednisolone (5 mg/kg) shows on total colitis index. Data are analyzed as mean ± SD. *P<0.05 in comparison with colitis group.

Table 2 Histopathological Characteristics Score in Different Groups, Mean Score (SD)

Groups (n=8)	Inflammation	Extent	Regeneration	Crypt Damage
Colitis control	1.50±0.50	1.67±0.56	1.33±0.49	1.67±0.61
Mastic oil	0.33±0.33	0.33±0.33	0.33±0.33	0.33±0.33
Sesame oil	1.28±0.42	1.14±0.4	0.86±0.55	1.14±0.55
Prednisolone	0.71±0.36	0.43±0.20	0.14±0.14	0.57±0.30
Mastic oil enema	1.00±0.45	1.40±0.68	1.00±0.63	1.60±0.81

Figure 4 Microscopic section shows severe transmural acute inflammation with crypt and epithelium lost in colitis group. (Hematoxylin and Eosin, 100×).

Figure 5 Microscopic section shows mild transmural acute inflammation with basal crypt damage and complete regeneration after mastic oil orally consumption. (Hematoxylin and Eosin, 100×).

Figure 6 Effect of sesame oil and prednisolone (5 mg/kg) on MPO activity of rat colon. Data are analyzed as mean ± SD. *P<0.05 in comparison with colitis group.

Figure 7 Effect of mastic oil (400 mg/kg) and prednisolone (5 mg/kg) on TNF-α. Data are analyzed as mean ± SD. *P<0.05, in comparison with colitis group.

Figure 8 Effect of mastic oil (400 mg/kg) and prednisolone (5 mg/kg) on IL6. Data are analyzed as mean ± SD. *P<0.05 in comparison with colitis group.