Inflammatory Subtypes in Classic Asthma and Cough Variant Asthma

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographics, Duration of Disease and Spirometry of Included Patients

Parameter	CA (n=218)	CVA (n=241)	p
Age, years	45.76±15.88	46.01±16.16	0.869
Females, n (%)	117 (53.67%)	161 (66.81%)	0.004
Smokers, n (%)	92 (44.2%)	77 (31.05%)	0.023
Duration of disease (months)	45.69±89.12	20.97±50.51	<0.001
BMI, kg/m^Citation2	23.09±4.77	23.93±5.09	0.096
FVC (L)	3.23±0.83	3.12±0.81	0.171
FVC% predicted	96.87±12.56	98.02±13.34	0.343
FEV1 (L)	2.34±0.62	2.38±0.66	0.547
FEV1% predicted	84.62±11.44	89±12.69	<0.001
FEV1/FVC (%)	72.5±9.42	75.87±8.18	<0.001
PEF (L/min)	6.05±1.68	6.13±1.73	0.64
PEF% predicted	86.21±6.28	89.81±5.66	0.016
MMEF (L/sec)	1.74±0.84	1.95±0.88	0.009
MMEF% predicted	47.87±18.25	54.54±18.60	<0.001
FEF50 (L/sec)	2.16±0.9	2.41±0.98	0.004
FEF50% predicted	52.12±19.19	58.48±19.8	0.001
FEF75 (L/sec)	0.76±0.47	0.88±0.49	0.007
FEF75% predicted	43.57±20.45	50.6±20.7	<0.001
PD20 (µg)	0.63±0.76	0.76±0.79	0.016
FEV1 fall (L)	1.61±0.53	1.72±0.51	0.019
FEV1 fall (%)	31.38±12.61	27.55±6.95	<0.001

Notes: Data are expressed as the mean ±SD or frequencies; the difference between groups was analyzed by Student’s t-test or chi squared. p <0.05 vs the control.

Abbreviations: n, sub-group population; PEF, peak expiratory flow; MMEF, maximum mid-expiratory flow; FEF, forced expiratory flow; PD₂₀, fall of FEV₁ by 20% of pre-challenge value.

Table 2 The Proportion of Induced Sputum Cells in Included Patients

Parameter	CA (n=218)	CVA (n=241)	p
Eosinophils, %, mean (SD)	13.57±19.76	9.32±14.37	0.009
Neutrophils, %	69.25±22.89	74.69±20.45	0.008
Lymphocytes, %	1±1.31	1.49±5.24	0.171
Macrophagocytes,%	16.16±15.52	14.56±14.75	0.261

Notes: Data are expressed as the mean ±SD; the difference between groups was analyzed by Student’s t-test. p<0.05 vs the control.

Table 3 Demographics, Durationof Disease, Spirometry and Induced Sputum Features of CVA and CA

	CA-Sputum Eosinophilia	CA-Sputum Noneosinophilia	CVA-Sputum Eosinophilia	CVA-Sputum Noneosinophilia	p-values
					CA-SE vs CA-NSE	CVA-SE vs CVA-NSE	CA-SE vs CVA-SE	CA-SNE vs CVA-SNE
n	132	86	126	115
Durationof disease (months)	48.02±96.47	42.13±76.89	25.23±58.58	16.3±39.59	0.618	0.171	0.021	0.005
Age, years	45.03±15.26	46.88±16.81	43.51±16.12	48.75±15.81	0.411	0.012	0.437	0.426
Females, n (%)	66 (50)	51 (59.3)	81 (64.29)	80 (69.57)	0.156	0.385	0.024	0.131
BMI, kg/m^2	23.32±3.39	23.47±3.52	22.83±3.41	23.76±3.82	0.749	0.084	0.249	0.809
Smokers, n (%)	56 (42.42)	36 (41.86)	47 (37.3)	30 (26.09)	0.878	0.062	0.373	0.018
FVC% predicted	96.85±12.6	96.9±12.57	97.99±13.4	98.05±13.33	0.977	0.973	0.482	0.535
FEV1 (L)	2.36±0.64	2.31±0.6	2.47±0.65	2.28±0.67	0.601	0.052	0.172	0.685
FEV1% predicted	83.47±12.2	86.39±9.97	88.08±12.85	90±12.5	0.066	0.239	0.001	0.025
FEV1/FVC (%)	71.44±8.89	74.12±10	75.35±8.7	76.44±7.58	0.4	0.302	<0.001	0.074
PEF% predicted	85.56±16.39	87.17±16.15	90.88±14.75	88.62±15.59	0.477	0.264	0.007	0.537
MMEF% predicted	45.75±17.49	51.14±19	54.11±19.83	55±17.22	0.036	0.71	<0.001	0.133
FEF50% predicted	49.94±18.6	55.46±19.7	58.08±20.12	58.91±19.52	0.038	0.748	0.001	0.22
FEF75% predicted	40.95±19.51	47.58±2131	50.92±21.73	50.25±19.6	0.019	0.803	<0.001	0.359
PD20 (µg)	0.46±0.66	0.9±0.83	0.6±0.72	0.93±0.82	<0.001	0.001	0.006	0.802
Eosinophils, %	21.84±21.72	0.88±0.77	17.22±16.26	0.67±0.72	–	–	0.035	0.023
Neutrophils, %	61.38±23.16	81.33±16.33	66.63±21.54	83.51±14.89	<0.001	<0.001	0.016	0.332
Lymphocytes, %	0.93±1.52	1.13±1.53	1.09±1.61	1.93±7.39	0.280	0.236	0.956	0.777
Macrophagocytes, %	15.83±14.84	16.66±16.59	14.64±14.49	14.4 15.09	0.699	0.935	0.405	0.369

Notes: Data are expressed as the mean ±SD or frequencies; the difference between groups was analyzed by Student’s t-test or chi-squared. p<0.05 vs the control.

Abbreviations: n, sub-group population; PEF, peak expiratory flow; MMEF, maximum mid-expiratory flow; FEF, forced expiratory flow; PD₂₀, fall of FEV₁ by 20% of pre-challenge value; CA-SE: CA-sputum eosinophilia; CA-SNE: CA-sputum non-eosinophilia; CVA-SE: CVA-sputum eosinophilia; CVA-SNE: CVA-sputum non-eosinophilia.

Figure 1 Scatter plots of correlation between the percentage of sputum eosinophils and PD₂₀ (µg), FEV₁%. (A) Correlation between the percentage of sputum eosinophils and PD₂₀ in CA. (B) Correlation between the percentage of sputum eosinophils and FEV₁% in CA. (C) Correlation between the percentage of sputum eosinophils and PD₂₀ in CVA.

Irwin RS, French CL, Chang AB, et al. Classification of cough as a symptom in adults and management algorithms: CHEST guideline and expert panel report. Chest. 2018;153:196–209.29080708

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