Helping Roles of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Screening and Evaluation of COVID-19 Based on the CT Images

Figures & data

Figure 1 The architecture diagram of deep learning network.

Figure 2 Plots during training the network.

Table 1 The Paired Analysis of Model Segmentation Dice and Time Spent by Each Doctor on the Diagnosis

Items	The Whole Lung	The Lesions		The Attending Physician a vs the Attending Physician b	The Associate Chief Physician a vs the Associate Chief Physician b	The Attending Physician a vs the Associate Chief Physician b
Manual-marked VS machine-marked (±SE)	0.96±0.01	0.89±0.04	Time spent (±SE) unit: seconds	230.88±60.38	189.13±67.59	179.51±63.81
P	0.169	0.386		<0.001	<0.001	<0.0001

Figure 3 The illustration of machine-marked image and manual-marked image.

Table 2 The Results of ANOVA Between Groups for the Four Physicians

				Sum of Squares	df	Mean Square	F	Significance
The diagnostic results of the attending physician a	Intergroup	(Combination)		0.781	1	0.781	3.528	0.068
		Linear term	Unweighted	0.781	1	0.781	3.528	0.068
			Weighted	0.781	1	0.781	3.528	0.068
	Intragroup			8.193	37	0.221
	Total			8.974	38
The diagnostic results of the associate chief physician a	Intergroup	(Combination)		0.975	1	0.975	6.064	0.019
		Linear term	Unweighted	0.975	1	0.975	6.064	0.019
			Weighted	0.975	1	0.975	6.064	0.019
	Intragroup			5.948	37	0.161
	Total			6.923	38
The diagnostic results of the attending physician b	Intergroup	(Combination)		0.055	1	0.055	0.214	0.646
		Linear term	Unweighted	0.055	1	0.055	0.214	0.646
			Weighted	0.055	1	0.055	0.214	0.646
	Intragroup			9.534	37	0.258
	Total			9.590	38
The diagnostic results of the associate chief physician b	Intergroup	(Combination)		0.639	1	0.639	3.256	0.079
		Linear term	Unweighted	0.639	1	0.639	3.256	0.079
			Weighted	0.639	1	0.639	3.256	0.079
	Intragroup			7.259	37	0.196
	Total			7.897	38

Table 3 The Results of Chi-squared Test for Every Factor was Performed on the Associate Chief Physician a

		n	Accuracy	P
Age (years)	≤35	20 (51.3%)	16 (80%)	0.640
	>35	19 (48.7%)	14 (73.7%)
Types of sample	Positive	29 (74.4%)	25 (86.2%)	0.032
	Negative	10 (25.6%)	5 (50%)
Time period of reading CT images	8:00–12:00	22 (56.4%)	20 (90.9%)	0.018
	15:00–18:00	17 (43.6%)	10 (8.8%)
The symptoms of cases	Progressive or serious symptoms	28 (71.8%)	24 (85.7%)	0.002
	Initial symptoms	11 (28.2%)	6 (54.5%)

Table 4 Multivariate Analysis of the Diagnostic Results for the Associate Chief Physician a

	OR	95%CI	P
Time period of reading CT images	1.8	0.252–12.848	0.558
Types of sample	0.4	0.051–3.125	0.382
Types of sample+time period of reading CT images	Not in the list of equations (meaningless)

Figure 4 The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the diagnostic results of the four doctors.