Anti-Inflammatory Potentials of the n-Hexane Fraction of Alstonia boonei Stem Bark in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in Wistar Rats

Figures & data

Figure 1 Representative profile of the changes in the absorbance of mitochondria isolated from rats treated with: graded doses of lipopolysaccharide to induce inflammation in the liver (A), ibuprofen as an anti-inflammatory drugn (B), and graded doses of the n-hexane fraction of A. boonei (C).

Figure 2 Influence of the n-hexane fraction of A. boonei on F₀F₁ ATPase activity in lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic inflammation in rats. *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001 LPS control versus test groups.

Figure 3 Mitigating effects of the n-hexane fraction of A. boonei on increase in interleukin 1 beta (A) and interleukin 6 (B) induced by lipopolysaccharide. Where ns= not significant; ****=P<0.0001 LPS control versus test groups.

Figure 4 Effects of the administration of the n-hexane fraction of A. boonei to rats challenged with lipopolysaccharide on TNF-α (A), creatine kinase (B) and C-reactive protein (C). *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001; ****P<0.0001 LPS control versus test groups.

Figure 5 Mitigating effect of the n-hexane fraction of Alstonia boonei on hepatotoxic effects of lipopolysaccharide using aspartate (A) and alanine (B) aminotransferases as well as gamma glutamyl transferase (C). *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001; ****P<0.0001 treated groups vs lipopolysaccharide negative control.

Table 1 UHPLC-MS Report of the n-Hexane Fraction of A. boonei

Peak	tR (Min)	Compound	Formula	DBE	Found Mass (m/z)	Adduct
1	7.71	1,4-Dioxacyclohexadecane-5,16-dione	C14H24O4	3	257.1679	[M+H]^+
2	8.22	2-Oxodecanoic acid	C10H18O3	2	187.1276	[M+H]^+
3	8.81	Olivetol	C11H16O2	4	181.1259	[M+H]^+
4	9.00	Xanthoxylin	C10H12O4	5	195.0575	[M-H]^−
5	9.24	Nonanamide	C9H19NO	1	158.1581	[M+H]^+
6	9.49	Funtumine	C21H34NO	5	318.2761	[M+H]^+
7	10.21	Dehydrophytosphingosine	C18H37NO3	1	316.2853	[M+H]^+
8	12.52	17-Hydroxylinolenic acid	C18H30O3	4	293.2105	[M-H]^−
9	13.71	N-2-Hydroxypalmitoylsphingosine	C34H67NO4	2	554.5114	[M+H]^+
10	14.53	Stigmasterone	C29H46O	7	411.3642	[M+H]^+
11	15.62	Oleanonic acid	C30H46O3	8	453.3339	[M-H]^−
12	16.56	Stigmasterol	C29H48O	6	413.3752	[M+H]^+
13	16.59	Corosolic acid	C30H48O4	7	471.3477	[M-H]-
14	16.95	Maslinic acid	C30H48O4	7	471.3450	[M-H]-
15	17.16	β-D-Galactopyranoside, (3β)-stigmast-5-en-3-yl, 6-butanoate	C39H66O7	7	647.4896	[M+H]+

Figure 6 Phytochemicals identified in the n-hexane fraction of A. boonei.