Recent Progress in the Diagnosis and Precise Nanocarrier-Mediated Therapy of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Figures & data

Figure 1 Nanoparticles that is suitable for drug delivery, including lipid nanoparticles, polymer nanoparticles, mesoporous nanoparticles, chitosan nanoparticles, hydrogel nanoparticles and metal nanoparticles.

Figure 2 Schematic illustration of GIT microenvironment-based target drug delivery.

Figure 3 Schematic illustration of the scheme of inflammation-targeting in IBD. Through oral administration and rectal administration (I.V. administration are not depicted here), nanoparticles target the inflamed colon by mechanisms mediated by size (A), charge (B), ligand-receptor (C), pH (D), ROS (E), GSH and enzyme (F).

Table 1 Recent Representative Advances of Inflamed Intestinal Microenvironment-Stimulated Drug Delivery Platforms for IBD Therapy

System	Size	Model Drug	Target Mechanism	Ref
AP@PSi-HA@HPMCAS	35 ± 1µm	Budesonide (BUD) and acorbyl palmitate (AP)	pH-stimulated	[^Citation62]
YGPs/MTX	2–4 µm	Methotrexate	pH-stimulated	[^Citation85]
HNT-ATV@HF-CEL	70 ± 8 μm	Atorvastatin and celecoxib	pH-stimulated	[^Citation90]
CAP1AG4CH5@CUNCs	421 ± 14 nm	Curcumin	pH-stimulated	[^Citation92]
OxiDEX nano-in-micro composites	53 ± 3 µm	Rifaximin	pH and ROS-Sequential Responsive	[^Citation95]
P(LE-IAMEG) hydrogel microspheres (HMSs)	34.87 ± 0.90 µm	Hydrocortisone sodium succinate (HSS)	pH-stimulated	[^Citation128]
BLG-RES nanospheres	200−250 nm	Resveratrol	pH-stimulated	[^Citation129]
OxbCD	202 ± 4 nm	Annexin A1-mimetic peptide Ac2-26	ROS-stimulated	[^Citation106]
Bud-ATK-Tem (B-ATK-T)	100~120 nm	Budesonide and antioxidant tempol	ROS-stimulated	[^Citation101]
RANPs	63.5 ± 4.0 nm	Dexamethasone	ROS-stimulated	[^Citation67]
EGCG-NPs	~202.9 nm	Epigallo-catechin 3-gallate	GSH-stimulated	[^Citation113]
MSs (multilayer-coated mesoporous silica)	210–258 nm	Hydrocortisone	Enzyme-stimulated	[^Citation115]
PPNP (polyphenols and polymers self-assembled nanoparticle)	~60 nm	Dexamethasone	Enzyme-stimulated	[^Citation130]

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