Empagliflozin Alleviates Atherosclerosis Progression by Inhibiting Inflammation and Sympathetic Activity in a Normoglycemic Mouse Model

Figures & data

Table 1 The Results of ELISA Between Sham, AS and EMPA Group

	Sham Group, n=6	AS Group, n=6	EMPA Group, n=6
TG, mmol/L	1.46±0.30	4.71±1.11***	3.44±0.43^#
TC, mmol/L	30.1±8.9	70.5±7.3***	74.9±3.9
HDL, mmol/L	5.67±1.79	8.57±2.32*	10.88±1.53
LDL, mmol/L	6.41±1.06	15.69±1.66***	16.86±1.57
IL-1β, ng/L	59.99±1.63	60.95±2.92	51.83±2.52^###
IL-6, ng/L	71.78±1.04	85.08±4.65***	74.52±1.78^###
IL-10, ng/L	346.3±11.52	444.1±9.80***	365.3±10.94^###
Renin, ng/L	140.2±5.68	158.3±6.06***	143.0±5.17^##
Ang II, ng/L	258.4±25.53	289.4±12.70	293.3±24.43
ALD, ng/L	111.9±6.79	132.5±7.49***	113.5±6.12^###
NE, ng/L	69.12±7.78	86.87±4.29**	70.73±5.86^##
NPY, ng/L	88.70±6.11	99.38±2.47*	93.28±5.30^#

Notes: *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001 vs Sham group; #P<0.05, ##P<0.01 and ###P<0.001 vs AS group.

Figure 1 Empagliflozin attenuated atherosclerotic lesion areas. Representative HE staining (A), Movat staining (B), CD68 immunohistochemistry (C) ang MCP-1 immunohistochemistry (D) of Sham, AS and EMPA group. #p<0.05, ##p<0.01.

Figure 2 The serum level of triglyceride (A), total cholesterol (B), LDL (C) and HDL (D) between Sham, AS and EMPA group. ##p<0.01.

Figure 3 The serum level of IL-1β (A), IL-6 (B), and IL-10 (C) between Sham, AS and EMPA group. ###p<0.001.

Figure 4 The serum level of renin (A), angiotensin II (B) and aldosterone (C) between groups. ##p<0.01 and ###p<0.001.

Figure 5 The serum level of norepinephrine (A) and neuropeptide Y (B) and body weight (C) and glucose (D) between Sham, AS and EMPA group. ##p<0.01 and ###p<0.001.

Figure 6 The cell viability of each group was examined by MTT assay (A). Qualitative (B; Left) and quantitative (B; Right) intensity of Dil-labeled oxLDL taken by macrophages between groups was examined by flow cytometry. The expression of IL-1β mRNA (C) and IL-1β protein (D) after empagliflozin treatment. (E) The protein expression of IκBα and p65. #p<0.05.