Multiple Cytokines Elevated in Patients with Keloids: Is It an Indication of Auto-Inflammatory Disease?

Figures & data

Table 1 Cytokines Mean and Range in Keloids and the Control Group

	PWK				PNK
	Min	Max	Mean		Min	Max	Mean
IL-1β	4	22	10.51		6	379	24.07
G-CSF	0	873	101.65		0	543	61.45
IL-6	7	1964	60.57		7	60	20.07
IL-12	0	311	95.57		19	367	102.45
CCL5	1000	9999	2831.00		1359	23,370	4328.28
CCL11	20	155	63.65		3	352	72.83
IL-17A	0	35	6.59		0	37	4.45
CCL3	0	794	136.39		0	315	78.62
GM-CSF	1	631	21.39		3	27	7.38
CCL4	0	796	209.12		0	793	179.38
CCL2	67	1215	526.37		0	2300	571.59
IL-15	0	401	49.49		2	499	53.97
IL-5	0	33	6.08		0	16	5.62
HGF	0	3483	502.53		0	1882	333.62
VEGF	0	16	1.78		9	8	1.48
IFN-γ	0	10	0.90		0	12	1.31
IFN-α	0	195	27.04		0	229	24.21
IL-IRA	77	4783	1118.20		37	1939	705.69
TNF-α	0	24	5.37		0	16	4.14
IL-2	0	122	23.22		0	329	32.28
IL-7	0	126	15.94		0	79	15.28
IP-10	0	27	11.59		1	25	9.72
IL-2R	0	1412	377.31		0	1208	248.31
CXCL9	61	563	201.06		9	557	202.52
IL-4	11	317	56.80		11	94	43.17
IL-8	0	195	22.57		0	104	23.21
FGF-Basic	0	40	38.53		0	62	24.48
EGF	0	416	63.02		0	355	88.76

Table 2 Keloids Etiology and Anatomical Location

Anatomical Location	Aetiology	Frequency
Ears n=24	Trauma	18
	Infective	3
	Spontaneous	3
Abdomen n =6	Trauma	2
	Infective	3
	Spontaneous	1
Chest/Neck n-7	Trauma	5
	Infective	1
	Spontaneous	1
Cheek n=8	Trauma	4
	Infective	2
	Spontaneous	2
Upper limb n=2	Trauma	1
	Infective	0
	Spontaneous	1
Back n=5	Trauma	3
	Infective	1
	Spontaneous	1
Total N=52	Trauma	33
	Infective	10
	Spontaneous	9

Table 3 Cytokines Significantly Elevated in Patients with Keloids (PWK) in Comparison to Control (PNK) Group

Cytokines	Keloids (PWK)				PNK
	Min	Max	SD	Mean	Min	Max	SD	Mean	P-value
FGF-Basic	0	40	14.52	38.53	0	62	18.69	24.48	0.026
G-CSF	0	873	202.87	101.65	0	543	133.06	61.45	<0.001
IL-10	0	3185	452.79	83.47	0	119	25.00	16.38	<0.001
IL-13	0	773	108.42	32.20	4	53	11.95	18.14	0.026
IL-6	7	1964	280.04	60.57	7	60	11.91	20.07	<0.001
CCL3	0	794	177.32	136.39	0	315	92.50	78.62	<0.001
GM-CSF	1	631	89.58	21.39	3	27	5.78	7.38	0.026
CCL4	0	796	161.52	209.12	0	793	160.63	179.38	<0.001
HGF	0	3483	585.41	502.53	0	1882	376.14	333.62	<0.001
IL-2R	0	1412	326.31	377.31	0	1208	239.33	248.31	<0.001
IL-4	11	317	51.37	56.80	11	94	17.35	43.17	0.031
ANOVA Test for Variance
Parameters		Sum of Squares		df		Mean Squares		F	P-value
Between groups		15,766.99		1		15,766.99		0.857	0.366
Within groups		367,815.75		20		18,390.79
Total		383,582.75		21

Table 4 Cytokines Significantly Elevated in Non-Keloids (PNK) Patients

Cytokines	PWK				PNK
	Min	Max	SD	Mean	Min	Max	SD	Mean	P-value
IL-1 β	4	22	3.71	10.51	6	379	68.47	24.07	0.031
CCL5	1000	9999	1537.67	2831.00	1359	23,370	4011.54	4328.28	<0.001
CCL2	67	1215	268.85	526.37	0	2300	474.27	571.59	<0.001
EGF	0	416	103.39	63.02	0	355	101.53	88.76	<0.001
ANOVA Test for Variance
Parameters		Sum of Squares		df	Mean Squares		F	P-value
Between groups		258,418.49		1	258,418.49		0.105	0.754
Within groups		19,730,264.58		7	2,466,283.04
Total		19,988,683.07		8