The Clinical Effects of Febuxostat Alone or Combined with Arthroscopic Surgery for Gout: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline of Control Group and Combined Patients

Characteristics	Control Group (n=80)	Combined Group (n=93)	P value
Age	59.25±16.97	48.35 ±14.40	0.0001
Sex (male)	78	93	0.2124
Body mass index(BMI)	24.27±3.335	25.64±3.429	0.0089
Drinking	25	35	0.4249
Smoking	32	41	0.6444
Comorbidity
Hypertension	28	43	0.1634
Coronary Heart Disease	6	2	0.1463
Diabetes	7	8	1.0000
Stroke	2	1	0.5964
Hyperlipidemia	2	0	0.2124
Lung cancer	1	0	0.4624
COPD	1	0	0.4624
Kidney stones	1	0	0.4624
Rheumatoid Arthritis	0	1	1.0000
Serum Creatinine (μmol/L)	120.3±75.90	90.31±31.07	0.0006
Serum Uric acid (μmol/L)	469.5±147.3	526.7±115.8	0.0050
Illness length time (years)	7.988±5.960	7.222±5.432	0.3779
Acute gout flares per patient before treatment 1 year (total)	5.713±4.792 (457)	7.172±4.615 (667)	0.0431
Medications before the use of febuxostat
Colchicine	32	48	0.1686
Benzbromarone	5	8	0.7737
Allopurinol	3	24	0.0001
Febuxostat	6	14	0.1544
Diacerein	1	4	0.3749
Glucocorticoid	14	30	0.0352
NSAIDs	38	67	0.0011
Lesions affect joints (no hip)
Shoulder	11	11	1.0000
Elbow	9	24	0.0100
Wrist	10	17	0.2316
Hand	27	33	0.8872
Knee	44	109	0.0001
Ankle	48	58	0.8163
Foot	65	115	0.0001

Table 2 Follow-Up Results of Control Group and Combined Group Patients

Results	Control Group	Combined Group	P value
Follow-up time (months)	31.56 ±15.52	29.03 ±17.44	0.3183
Arthroscopic treatment joint numbers
Knee		61
Ankle		38
The severity of crystal deposition in joint
0		12
1		22
2		20
3		45
Arthroscopic complications
Minor local infection of the incision		2
Joint effusion, pain		2
Febuxostat side effect
Abnormal liver function	6	8	1.0000
Nausea	3	2	0.6634
Joint pain	1	3	0.6249
Muscle ache	2	1	0.5964
Rash	0	1	1.0000
Total	12	14
Acute gout flares per patient during follow-up period	2.713±2.246	2.871±2.950	0.6952
Serum Creatinine (μmol/L)	109.5±69.40	79.68±20.32	0.0001
Serum Uric acid (μmol/L)	371.8±91.80	341.1±71.75	0.0167

Figure 1 Arthroscopy showed the monosodium urate crystal deposition or tophi in joints. (A) No obvious crystal deposition. (B) Distribution of crystals is scattered. (C) Multiple crystal depositions in < 50% of the affected articular cartilage and soft tissues. (D–H) Multiple crystal depositions in > 50% of the articular cartilage and soft tissues, crystal erosion of the articular cartilage, or large tophi. (I) The snow storm sign.

Figure 2 Mean blood creatinine level change between baseline and follow-up time in the control and combined groups. *p < 0.05.

Figure 3 Mean blood uric acid change between baseline and follow-up time in the control and combined groups. **p < 0.0001.

Figure 4 Mean number of acute gout flares between baseline and follow-up time in the control and combined groups. **p < 0.0001.