Investigation of Wound Healing and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Leaf Gel of Aloe trigonantha L.C. Leach in Rats

Figures & data

Figure 1 Pictures of Aloe trigonantha L.C. Leach; young leaf (A) and flower of the plant (B).

Table 1 Master Formula and Reduced Formula for Simple Ointment Formulation

Ingredients	Master Formula (gm)	Reduced Formula (gm)
Wool fat	50	15
Hard paraffin	50	15
White soft paraffin	850	255
Cetostearyl alcohol	50	15
QS	1000	300

Abbreviation: QS, quantity sufficient.

Figure 2 Water flow technique to measure tensile strength of skin wound.

Table 2 Effect of Aloe trigonantha Leaf Gel Ointment on Percent of Wound Contraction and Period of Epithelialization by Excision Wound Model in Rats

Groups	Percent of Contraction							Period of Epithelialization (in Days)
	Day 3	Day 6	Day 9	Day 12	Day 15	Day 18	Day 21
I	14.25±1.64	31.30±2.13	50.25±3.57	66.93±3.67	81.88±1.08	88.72±1.02	95.16±0.91	18.50±0.43
II	18.71±1.15	41.68±3.29	70.4±1.32a*	87.79±0.94a*	93.67±0.54a**	97.81±0.27ab*	99.21±0.18a*	15.17±0.31a*
III	16.72±2.81	34.58±3.34	57.75±3.27	79.77±2.53a*	88.43±1.96a*	94.42±1.12a*	97.42±0.43a*	16.17±0.48a*
IV	18.08±1.25	41.22±2.74	70.42±1.2a*	86.69±1.63a*	93.61±0.77a*b*	97.77±0.45a*b*	99.06±0.21a*	15.33±0.49a*

Notes: All values are expressed as Mean±SEM (n=6); Analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA; a: compared against simple ointment; b: compared against 5% gel; statistical significance is denoted by *p<0.05; I: simple ointment; II: nitrofurazone ointment; III: 5% leaf gel ointment; IV: 10% leaf gel ointment.

Figure 3 Pictures of excision wound at day 0 of wounding (A), day 18 of 10% A. trigonantha gel treated rat (B) and day 18 of simple ointment treated rat (C).

Table 3 Effect of Aloe trigonantha on Tensile Strength in Incision Model Using Continuous Water Flow Technique Rats

Group	Tensile Strength in Gram (Mean ± SEM)	% Tensile Strength
I	342.33±5.302	–
II	357.33±6.381	4.4%
III	494.00±6.787a*b*c*	38.3%
IV	452.17±6.483a*b*	26.5%
V	491.67±7.032a*b*c*	37.6%

Notes: All values are expressed as Mean±SEM (n=6); Analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA; a: compared against untreated group, b: compared against simple ointment; c: compared against 5% gel ointment; statistical significance is denoted by *p<0.05; I: left untreated; II: simple ointment; III: nitrofurazone ointment; IV: 5% leaf gel ointment; V: 10% leaf gel ointment.

Table 4 Acute Inflammation Inhibition Effects of Aloe trigonantha Using Xylene-Induced Ear Edema Model in Rats

Substance Given	Edema Weight (mg) (Mean±SEM)	% Inhibition of Edema
I	10.83±0.49
II	6.22±0.64*a	42.61%
III	7.92±1.22	26.6%
IV	7.25±1.01*a	33.07%
V	6.33±0.70*a	41.54%

Notes: All values are expressed as Mean±SEM (n=6); Analysis was performed by one way ANOVA; a: compared against distilled water treated group; statistical significance is denoted by *p<0.05; I: distilled water (control); II: indomethacin 10 mg/kg (standard); III: 100 mg/kg leaf gel powder; IV: 200 mg/lg leaf gel powder; V: 400 mg/kg leaf gel powder.

Table 5 Exudate and Granuloma Inhibition Effects of Aloe trigonantha in Cotton Pellet-Induced Granuloma Model in Rats

Groups	Mean Weight of Exudate in mg (Mean±SEM)	% Inhibition	Mean Weight of Granuloma in mg (Mean±SEM)	% Inhibition
I	294.500±1.7654	–	77.670±1.4298	–
II	193.333±1.0541*abc	34.8%	47.500±1.3844*abc	38.8%
III	225.500±1.5438*a	23.4%	60.500±1.118*a	22.1%
IV	209.167±0.6009*ab	29%	53.667±0.6667*ab	30.9%
V	193.500±0.4282*abc	34.3%	47.667±1.022*abc	38.6%

Notes: All values are expressed as Mean±SEM (n=6); Analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA; a: compared against distilled water treated group; b: compared to 100 mg/kg; c: compared to 200 mg/kg; statistical significance is denoted by *p<0.05; I: distilled water (control); II: indomethacin 10 mg/kg (standard); III: 100 mg/kg leaf gel powder; IV: 200 mg/kg leaf gel powder; V: 400 mg/kg leaf gel powder.

Figure 4 Photographs of a freshly removed cotton pellet after seven days of treatment (A) and dried cotton pellet in tissue drying oven after 24 hours (B).

Table 6 Preliminary Phytochemical Screening Results of Aloe trigonantha Leaf Gel

Secondary Metabolites	Availability Results
Alkaloids	−
Flavonoids	+
Glycosides	+
Terpenoids	−
Saponins	−
Tannins	+
Steroids	−
Phenols and tannins	+

Notes: +, presence; −, absence.