Dietary Intake, Stress, Anxiety, and Satisfaction with Nutrition Services in Patients with and without COVID-19

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic Characteristics of Patients with and without COVID-19

	With COVID-19 (n=97)	Without COVID-19 (n=118)	p
Age
M(SD)	43.03 (9.97)	35.52 (9.56)	<0.001^a
Sex (%)			<0.001^c
Female	61.9	83.9
Male	38.1	16.1
Marital status (%)			0.087^b
Single	16.5	20.3
Married	44.3	34.7
Cohabitant	34.0	44.1
Divorced/Widowed	5.2	0.8
Education level (%)			<0.030^b
Primary	11.3	2.5
Secondary	28.9	41.5
Technician	20.6	17.8
University	39.2	38.1
Appetite (%)			0.013^b
Under	15.5	6.8
Normal	83.5	85.6
High	1.0	7.6
Time in hospital (%)			<0.014^c
Less than 1 week	85.6	95.8
Greater than 1 week	14.4	4.2
Type of diet (%)			<0.001^c
Hypoglycemic Hyperproteic	46.4	3.4
Soft Hyperproteic	53.6	96.6

Notes: ^a Mann–Whitney U;^b Chi-square;^c Fisher’s exact test.

Abbreviations: M, Mean; SD, Standard deviation.

Table 2 Comparative Analysis of the Scores by Categories of the Study Variables in Patients with and without COVID-19

	With COVID-19		Without COVID-19		p
	(n=97)	%	(n=118)	%
Dietary intake					0.020^a
Half of the		9.3		1.7
Almost all		26.8		37.3
All		63.9		61.0
Stress					0.266^a
Low		40.2	52	44.1
Moderate		57.7		55.9
High		2.1	0	0.0
Anxiety					<0.001^b
Low		81.4		98.3
High		18.6		1.7
Satisfaction					<0.001^a
Media		2.1		5.1
High		69.1		87.3
Very high		28.9		7.6
Total		100.0		100.0

Notes:^a Chi-square;^b Fisher’s exact test.

Table 3 Difference in the Mean Scores of the Study Variables in Patients with and without COVID-19

	With COVID-19 (n=97)		Without COVID-19 (n=118)		p*	Cohen’s d
	M	DS	M	DS
Dietary intake	81.22	14.99	82.08	10.47	0.573	0.068
Stress	15.15	5.61	13.97	4.82	0.122	0.227
Anxiety	4.38	3.99	1.98	2.23	<0.001	0.763
Satisfaction	61.21	5.69	57.42	4.19	<0.001	0.770

Notes: *Mann–Whitney U-test.

Abbreviations: M, Mean; SD, Standard deviation.

Table 4 Correlation Analysis Between Stress, Anxiety, and Satisfaction with the Nutrition Service on Dietary Intake in Patients Without COVID-19

Variable	Dietary intake	Stress	Anxiety	Satisfaction
Dietary intake	1
Stress	−0.071	1
Anxiety	−0.038	0.432**	1
Satisfaction	0.151	−0.289**	−0.114	1

Notes: **p<0.01; Spearman’s Rho statistical test.

Table 5 Correlation Analysis Between Stress, Anxiety, and Satisfaction with the Nutrition Service on Dietary Intake in Patients with COVID-19

Variables	Dietary Intake	Stress	Anxiety	Satisfaction
Dietary intake	1	−0.254*	−0.162	0.042
Stress		1	0.525**	0.002
Anxiety			1	−0.044
Satisfaction				1

Notes: *p<0.05. **p<0.01; Spearman’s Rho statistical test.