Impact of a Nutrition Education Intervention on Knowledge, Healthy Eating Index, and Biochemical Profile in a Rural Community in Peru

Figures & data

Figure 1 Design of nutritional education intervention on nutritional knowledge, healthy eating index, and biochemical profile.

Abbreviations: NK, Nutritional Knowledge; HEI, Healthy Eating Index; Hb, haemoglobin; HOH, Heads of household.

Table 1 Topics of Educational Sessions Conducted in the Nutritional Intervention

Sessions	Topics	Contents
1	Food Safety at Home	- Definition of hygiene and disinfection - Cross contamination - 5 keys of food safety
2	Critical nutrients and healthy eating	- Nutritional pyramid - Food groups: Energetic, regulators, and builders - Healthy plate and nutritional recommendations
3	Anemia and supplementation	- Definition of anemia - Causes and consequences - Iron-rich foods - Supplementation
4	Foods harmful to health and physical exercise	- Non-communicable diseases - Unhealthy foods - Importance of physical exercise.

Table 2 Sociodemographic Characteristics, KN, and HEI Before and After the Program

Variables	Head of Household	Older Adult	Children < 5 Years Old
Age (M ± SD)	45.84 ± 17.29	71.00 ± 6.05	3.1 ± 1.09
	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)
Sex
Female	50 (82)	11 (47.8)	15 (65.2)
Male	11 (18)	12 (52.2)	8 (34.8)
Marital status
Single	12 (19.7)	16 (69.6)
Living in couple	49 (80.3)	7 (30.4)
Level of education
Incomplete studies	34 (55.7)	15 (65.2)
Complete studies	27 (44.3)	8 (34.8)
Regular attendance at “Sinchicuy moves”.
Yes	29 (47.5)
No	32 (52.5)

Note: Estudios primarios y secundarios completos; estudios primarios y secundarios incompletos.

Abreviations: M, media; SD, desviación estándar; NK, Nutritional Knowledge; HEI, Healthy Eating Index.

Table 3 Mean, Standard Deviation, Distribution, Difference of Nonparametric Measures, and Effect Size of NK and HEI of the Head of Household Before and After the Nutritional Education Intervention

Variables	M	SD	SE	S	K	MD	p	Wilcoxon	P	E. Size*
^aNK
Before	14.66	3.73	0.47	0.16	−0.58	−13.18	< 0.001	3694	< 0.001	4.03
After	27.88	2.71	0.34	−1.38	4.06	–
^bHEI
Before	66.19	8.71	1.11	−0.19	0.53	−7.57	< 0.001	804.5	< 0.001	0.97
After	73.76	6.01	0.77	−0.40	0.13	–

Notes: ^aNK, Nutritional knowledge, ^bHEI, Healthy Eating Index. *For the Wilcoxon test, the effect size is given by the paired rank biserial correlation and through the Hodges-Lehmann estimator.

Abbreviations: E. Size, effect size; K, kurtosis coefficient; M, mean; MD, mean difference; P, probability of error; S, coefficient of skewness; SD, standard deviation; SE, standard error of the mean.

Figure 2 Level of NK before and after the intervention program.

Note: A1, pre-test; A2, post-test.

Figure 3 HEI before and after the nutrition education intervention program.

Note: A1, pre-test; A2, post-test.

Table 4 Mean, Standard Deviation, Distribution, Nonparametric Measures Difference, and Effect Size of Glucose and Hb Level in Children and Older Adults

	M	SD	SE	S	K	MD	p	Wilcoxon	P	E. Size*
Children < 5 years old
Hemoglobin 1^a	10.46	0.94	0.19	0.51	1.26	−0.52	0.48	156.5	0.017	0.47
Hemoglobin 2^b	10.99	1.22	0.25	−1.01	0.37	–
Older adult
Hemoglobin 1^a	12.41	1.2	0.25	−0.68	−0.25	−0.38	0.18	231	0.468	0.35
Hemoglobin 2^b	12.8	0.92	0.19	0.56	0.35	–
Glucose 1^a	121.2	18.69	3.89	0.4	−1.03	7.60	0.3	291.5	0.560	0.32
Glucose 2^b	113.6	27.16	5.66	−2.13	6.13

Note: ^aMeasurement 1 (before the intervention); ^bMeasurement 2 (after the intervention). *For the Wilcoxon test, the effect size is given by the paired rank biserial correlation and through the Hodges-Lehmann estimator.

Abbreviations: E. Size, effect size; K, kurtosis coefficient; M, mean; MD, mean difference; P, probability of error; S, coefficient of skewness; SD, standard deviation; SE, standard error of the mean.

Figure 4 Hb level of children under 5 years of age before and after the intervention program.

Figure 5 Hb level of older adults before and after the intervention program.

Figure 6 Glucose level of older adults before and after the intervention program.