Emotional Exhaustion and Emotional Contagion: Navigating Turnover Intention of Healthcare Personnel

Figures & data

Figure 1 Conceptual model.

Abbreviations: H1, hypothesis 1; H2, hypothesis 2; H3, hypothesis 3; H4, hypothesis 4; H5, hypothesis 5.

Table 1 Mean, Standard Deviations, Skewness, and Kurtosis of Variables

Variables	Mean	SD	Skewness	Kurtosis
TI	2.418	1.009	0.585	−0.198
RO	3.821	0.925	−0.820	0.110
EE	3.436	1.189	−0.481	−0.865
TEC	3.110	1.099	−0.267	−0.912
Gender	–	–	–	–
Age	35.130	7.656	–	–
Education	–	–	–	–
Tenure	–	–	–	–
Income	–	–	–	–

Abbreviations: TI, turnover intention; RO, role overload; EE, emotional exhaustion; TEC, turnover emotional contagion; SD, standard deviation.

Table 2 Correlation of Variables

Variables	1.	2.	3.	4.	5.	6.	7.	8.	9.
1.TI	1
2.RO	0.258**	1
3.EE	0.229**	0.326**	1
4.TEC	0.225**	0.141**	0.274**	1
5.Gender	0.040	0.063	0.003	−0.101*	1
6.Age	−0.201**	−0.036	−0.072	−0.135**	0.245**	1
7.Education	−0.134**	−0.112*	−0.072	−0.161**	0.276**	0.405**	1
8.Tenure	−0.118*	−0.045	0.040	−0.025	0.076	0.653**	0.021	1
9.Income	−0.241**	−0.112*	−0.138**	−0.174**	0.260**	0.611**	0.639**	0.325**	1

Notes: *p<0.05. **p<0.01.

Abbreviations: TI, turnover intention; RO, role overload; EE, emotional exhaustion; TEC, turnover emotional contagion.

Table 3 Model Testing Results

Variables	EE		TI
	B	SE	B	SE
Gender	0.027	0.110	0.216*	0.092
Age	−0.022*	0.011	−0.014	0.009
Education	0.1332	0.072	0.050	0.060
Tenure	0.204**	0.065	0.016	0.055
Income	−0.146*	0.064	−0.148**	0.053
RO	0.417***	0.057	0.228***	0.052
EE	–	–	0.083*	0.040
TEC	–	–	0.119**	0.042
RO*TEC	–	–	0.098*	0.042
R-square	0.137		0.173

Notes: *p<0.05. **p<0.01. ***p<0.001. The “B” represents the coefficient estimate for the independent variable.

Abbreviations: TI, turnover intention; RO, role overload; EE, emotional exhaustion; TEC, turnover emotional contagion; SE, standard error.

Table 4 The Mediating Role of Emotional Exhaustion

Path	Effect	SE	LLUI	ULCI
RO→EE→TI	0.035	0.016	0.004	0.066

Abbreviations: TI, turnover intention; RO, role overload; EE, emotional exhaustion; LLCI, low limit confidence interval; ULCI, up limit confidence interval. SE, standard error.

Table 5 Moderating Effects of Turnover Emotional Contagion

Moderator Variable	Effect	SE	t	p	LLCI	ULCI
W mean – 1 SD	0.121	0.060	2.030	0.043	0.004	0.238
W mean value	0.228	0.052	4.382	<0.001	0.126	0.331
W mean + 1 SD	0.336	0.078	4.311	<0.001	0.183	0.489

Notes: W: Moderator variable (Turnover emotional contagion).

Abbreviations: LLCI, low limit confidence interval; ULCI, up limit confidence interval; SE, standard error; SD, standard deviation.

Figure 2 Moderating effects.

Notes: The dotted line represents low turnover emotional contagion. The solid line represents high turnover emotional contagion.