Comparison of EMG power during sleep from the submental and frontalis muscles

Figures & data

Figure 1 Subject wearing the sleep profiler.

Figure 2 Thirty seconds epoch during REM sleep with differential recordings from AF7-Fpz, AF8-Fpz, and AF7-AF8 (labeled LEOG, REOG, and EEG, respectively), fEMG power, differential EMG, head movement, and head position.

Notes: The first arrow highlights the 4.5 seconds misalignment that coincided with a movement ~2.5 hour into the study. The second arrow identifies a muscle twitch (eg, facial muscle contraction), based in its appearance in the frontopolar signals but not the submental EMG signals.
Abbreviations: EMG, electromyography; fEMG, frontalis electromyography; REM, rapid eye movement.

Table 1 Descriptive statistics

Subjects, n	39
Males, n (%)	29 (74)
Age, years, mean (SD)	44±14
Recording time, min, mean ± SD	371±84
Sleep efficiency, %	77±13.7
Non-REM time; %	83±7
REM time, %	17±7
AHI, events/h	16±20

Abbreviations: AHI, apnea-hypopnea index; REM, rapid eye movement.

Table 2 Distributions of mean CC results stratified by strength of agreement when 1 second and 15 minutes averaged sEMG and fEMG power was compared

EMG power increment	Strong		Moderate		Weak
	n	CC	N	CC	n	Mean CC
1 second	14	77±4.4	19	62±6.2	6	34±10.7
15 minutes	30	87±7.6	7	64±6.1	2	10±40.3

Abbreviations: CC, cross-correlation; EMG, electromyography; fEMG, frontalis electromyography; sEMG, submentalis electromyography.

Table 3 Distributions of power (µV²) and CV across all records by stage

	sEMG		fEMG
Stage	Mean ± SD	CV (%)	Mean ± SD	CV (%)	P-value
Wake	875±974	111	1501±794	53	<0.01
N1	449±450	100	559±243	44	0.18
N2	292±267	92	325±117	36	0.48
N3	256±194	76	268±101	38	0.73
REM	216±138	64	279±42	15	0.01

Abbreviations: CV, coefficient of variation; EMG, electromyography; fEMG, frontalis electromyography; REM, rapid eye movement; sEMG, submentalis electromyography.

short-legendFigure 2

MccarterSJSt LouisEKDuwellEJDiagnostic thresholds for quantitative REM sleep phasic burst duration, phasic and tonic muscle activity, and REM atonia index in REM sleep behavior disorder with and without comorbid obstructive sleep apneaSleep201437101649166225197816

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