Weight-Making Practices Among Jockeys: An Update and Review of the Emergent Scientific Literature

Figures & data

Table 1 Mean and Peak Heart Rates

Year	Author	Study Population	Mean HR (b·Min)	Peak HR (b·Min)
2019	Grimshaw^Citation6	Male Professional Jockeys (n=15)—Simulated Race	134±16	158±17
		Male Professional Jockeys (n=15)—Live Race	169±10	187±11
2015	Cullen^Citation7	Male Trainee Jockeys (n=18)—Simulated Race	144±15	161±16
		Male Apprentice Jockeys (n=8)—Live Race	180±6	189±5
2020	Kiely^Citation3	Jump Jockeys—Live Race Short (n=10)	181.1±8.0	192.0±6.0
		Jump Jockeys—Live Race Long (n=10)	182.0±9.0	195±9.0
		Flat Jockeys—Live Race Short (n=10)	172.0±15	190.0±12.0
		Flat Jockeys—Live Race Long (n=10)	151.0±19.0	186.0±14.0

Table 2 Jockey Anthropometry

Study Year	Author	Study Population	Country	Mean Age (Years)	Mean Height	Weight (kg)	BMI (kg · m^−2)	Mean Body Fat % (DEXA)
2017	O’Reilly^Citation4	Male Professional Flat (n=20)	Hong Kong	29.3 ± 7.8	162±6 cm	53.8 ± 3.3	20.5 ± 1.5	-
2013	Wilson^Citation42	Male Professional Flat (n=19)	Great Britain	27±5	167±5.3 cm	56.1± 2.9	20.3±1.4	13.0±3
		Male Professional Jump (n=25)		29±5	175±4.9 cm	65.3± 2.5	21.4±1.3	11.5±3.3
2018	Poon^Citation23	Male Professional Flat (n=14)	Hong Kong	29.1±6.1	52.8±3.7 cm	52.8±3.7	20.3±1.6	-
2018	Jeon^Citation15	Male Professional (>5 Years of Experience) (n=10)	South Korea	31.8±3.7	157.5 ±4.52 cm	50.6±1.87	20.5±1.38	14.4±2.27
2020	Kiely^Citation3	Male Professional Flat (n=10)	Ireland	26.6±6	168.0±5.0 cm	-	-	-
		Male Professional Jump (n=10)		25±4	174.0±5.0 cm	-	-	-
2019	Kiely^Citation5	Male Trainee (n=11)	Ireland	16±1	1.67±0.01 m	55.2±6.1	19.9±1.8
2015	Cullen^Citation7	Male Trainee (n=18)	Ireland	16±1	1.67±0.05 m	55.7±55	19.9±1.7	8.1±4.7
		Male Apprentice (n=8)		18±1	1.69±0.04 m	54.9±2.9	19.2±1.1	7.4±1.3
2015	Cullen^Citation26	Male Apprentice Flat (n=12)	Ireland	19±2	1.72±6.3 m	59.8±4.7	20.3±1.4	-
2017	Wilson^Citation25	Male Professional Flat (n=8)		36.9±5.7	164.5±7.5 cm	54.6±2.5	-	-
2017	Wilson^Citation36	Male Professional Flat (Apprentice) (n=17)	Great Britain	19±2	170±5 cm	56.2±2	-	13.7±2.6
		Male Professional Flat (Senior) (n=14)		32±7	166±5 cm	56.4±3	-	12.5±1.9

Table 3 Jockey Weight-Making Practices (Reprinted with Permission of Wilson¹⁰

Study	Dolan (n=21)	Labadarios (n=85)	Leydon (n=20)	Moore (n=116)	Wilson (n=8)	Jeon^Citation15 (n=35)	Kiely^Citation8 (n=85)
Method
Sauna	18	65	5	25	7	18	n/r
Restrict food	15	72	6	68	6	9	n/r
Restrict fluid	n/r	72	6	n/r	6	7	n/r
Salt/hot bath	n/r	25	3	n/r	3	n/r	n/r
Exercise to sweat	9	45	3	69	8	21	25
Flipping (self-induced vomiting)	3	n/r	n/r	9	n/r	2	n/r
Diuretics	1	65	2	21	n/r	0	n/r
Laxatives	1	25	n/r	10	1	0	n/r
Smoking	5	70	n/r	44	n/r	n/r	n/r

Notes: n/r, not reported in the manuscript or reported in such a way it is not possible to calculated numbers.

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