New treatments in development for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in the lungs of individuals with cystic fibrosis

Figures & data

Table 1 Drugs under clinical trials

Drugs	Action	Status
Combinatorial inhaled antibiotics	Antimicrobial activity	Clinical trials
KB00I (monoclonal antibody)	Inhibits type III secretion system	Phase II study
Arikace (liposomal amikacin)	Aminoglycoside capsule helps antibiotic amikacin to penetrate biofilms	Phase III study
Gallium study	Reduces iron availability for the bacteria	Phase I pharmacokinetic
Anti-Pseudomonos IgY	Inhibits flagellum	Phase III study
Aeroquin	Inhaled levofloxacin, DNA inhibitor	Phase III studies
Inhaled ciprofloxacin	DNA inhibitor	Phase II study
Ceftolozane/tazobactam	Broad-spectrum cephalosporin with β-lactamase inhibitor	Phase III study
OligoG	Biofilm destruction	Phase II study

Abbreviations: DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; OligoG, alginate oligosaccharide; IgY, immunoglobulin Y.

Table 2 Antimicrobial peptides

Compounds	Activity	Reference
LL 37 (human cathelicidin)	Nonspecific membrane lysis	85
Pexiganan	Antibiofilm	85
Modified oligo-N-substitute glycines	Antibiofilm	85
LL7-37	Membrane lysis	88
LL7-31	Membrane lysis	88
BMAP-27	Affects extracellular	89
	DNA of biofilm matrix
BMAP-28	Affects extracellular	89
	DNA of biofilm matrix
P19(9/B)	Affects extracellular	89
	DNA of biofilm matrix
GL13K: human PSP with added lysin	Interferes with lipopolysaccharide binding	90

Abbreviations: BMAP, bovine myeloid antimicrobial peptide; DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; PSP, parotid secretory protein.

Table 3 Anti-quorum-sensing lead molecules

Compounds	Source	Reference
Brominated furanone	Synthetic	92
Methyl eugenol	Extract of Cuminum cyminum	94
14α-lipoyl andrographolide	Synthetic	93
Diterpenoid lactone andrographolide	Extract of Andrographis paniculate	96
Clove oil	Natural	95
Garlic extract with tobramycin	Natural	97
Ambroxol	Synthetic	99
Meta-bromo-thiolactone	Synthetic	98