New developments in prosthetic arm systems

Figures & data

Figure 1 Examples of Ottobock prosthetic hands and cosmetics (from left to right): small System Inner Hand, small MyoHand VariPlus Speed, and medium Michelangelo hand.

Table 1 Features of three already established devices aiming at children population, transcarpal and transradial cases, and three commercially available flagship prosthetic hands

Product name	Established devices			Emerging devices
	Child Myoelectric Hand by Centri^Citation94,Citation95	Transcarpal-Hand^Citation96	Select Electric Hand^Citation97,Citation98	i-Limb Quantum^Citation99^–^Citation102	BeBionic v3^Citation53	Michelangelo^Citation59
Vendor	Hosmer Dorrance Corp.	Ottobock Healthcare	Liberating Technologies	Touch Bionics	RSL Steeper	Ottobock Healthcare
Weight (g)	238	308	470–520	474	570–590	420–510
Size (mm)	171	184–210	184–210	154–182	190–200	177–210
Full closing time (s)	0.35	0.91	0.90	0.80	1.00	0.37
Maximal grip force (N)	63	90	–	136	140.1	70
Thumb rotation properties	Static	Static	Static	Passive and motorized	Passive	Motorized
Digit dexterity	First two digits coupled	First two digits coupled	First digit active	Four individually motorized	Four individuallymotorized	First two digits coupled
Wrist options	Passive rotation	Passive flexion and active rotation	Passive rotation	Active and passive rotation and passive flexion	Passive in all directions	Active and passive rotation and passive flexion

Table 2 Features of commercially available myoelectric elbows

Product name	Vendor	Weight (g)	Maximum lift capacity (Nm)	Free swing	Supported inputs	Terminal devices compatibility
Utah Arm 3+^Citation103,Citation104	Fillauer	900–1,000	4.3	Yes	2	i-Limb, MC TDs, Sensor Speed
Arm System^Citation105	Boston Digital	965	14.2	Yes	2	BeBionic, i-Limb, MC TDs, Sensor Speed, Electric Greifer, Select Electric Hand
Dynamic Arm+^Citation106	Ottobock Healthcare	680–710	18.0	Yes	8	SensorHand Speed, MyoHand VariPlus Speed, Electric Greifer
NY Electric	Hosmer Dorrance	439–453	3.4	Yes	2	Michigan Electric Hook, NY-Greifer,
Elbow^Citation104,Citation107	Corporation					NU-VA Synergetic Claw

Figure 2 Example socket design with custom pattern, silicon liner, and Ottobock Energy Pack housing.

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