Clinical and Pathological Features of Primary Renal Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumor

Figures & data

Figure 1 Computed tomographic imaging: The enhanced computed tomographic (CT) scan revealed a mass of 30×40 mm in the upper pole of left renal that was classified as Bosniak category IV.

Figure 2 Pathological features of the renal carcinoid: (A) H&E (×100) showing nests and cords of neuroendocrine cells, which were arranged in a rosette like structure; (B) Positive immunostaining in tumor cells with synaptophysin (×200); (C) Intense positive immunostaining for chromogranin in tumor cells (×100); (D) Positive immunostaining in tumor cells with CD56 (×200); (E) Positive immunostaining in tumor cells with neuron specific enolase (×100).

Table 1 Clinical Features of the Patients

Reference	Gender	Age	Symptoms	HSK/MT	Treatment	Metastatic Site	Follow up (Months)
Ouyang et al^Citation7	M	33	Left loin pain	No	RN	Liver, after 108 months	108
Li et al^Citation8	F	27	Incidental	No	RN	NED	12
Lamb et al^Citation9	M	40	Incidental	HSK	PN	NED	24
Korkmaz et al^Citation6	M	75	Loin pain	No	Radiation+ adjuvant chemotherapy	Thoracal lumbar vertebras, pelvic bones, Lung, liver, LN	After 11 months, death
Kuba et al^Citation10	F	61	Right flank pain	HSK	RN	NED	42
Lin et al^Citation11	F	49	Hematuria	HSK	RN	NED	18
Seker et al^Citation12	F	37	Incidental	HSK	PN	NED	6
Hartman et al^Citation13	M	32	Abdominal pain	HSK	FNA	Thyroid, left adrenal lesion,	NS
Kiratli et al^Citation14	M	57	Eyes pain	No	RN+ adjuvant chemotherapy	Liver, eyes	24
Gu et al^Citation15	F	53	Abdominal pain	No	RN	NED	10
	F	63	Back pain	No	RN	NED	9
Rosenberg et al^Citation16	F	51	Facial flushing	HSK	PN	LN	NS
	F	29	Loin pain	No	RN	LN	24
	F	47	Loin pain	No	RN	LN	15
	F	51	Incidental	No	RN	After 12 months liver, LN	16
	M	78	Hematuria	No	Cryoablation	NED	6
Sun et al^Citation17	M	37	Incidental	MT and HSK	PN	LN	9
Chen et al^Citation18	F	37	Incidental	No	RN	NED	10
Kim et al^Citation19	F	60	Incidental	HSK	RN	NED	NS
Anderson et al^Citation20	M	55	Incidental	No	RN	NED	12
Daboul et al^Citation21	M	58	Abdominal pain	No	RN	Skin, lung, pancreas, LN	3
Kanodia et al^Citation22	M	26	Pain in left lumbar and left iliac fossa	No	RN	Left renal vein, inferior vena cava	NS
Jabaji et al^Citation23	F	28	Incidental	No	PN	NED	6
Yoon et al^Citation24	M	21	Incidental	No	RN	NED	NS
Arshad et al^Citation25	M	59	Abdominal pain	No	RN	Lung, pancreas and skin, after 12 months	NS
Salehipour et al^Citation26	F	26	Incidental	No	PN	Liver	6
Linke et al^Citation27	M	32	Incidental	No	RN	LN	NS
Kato et al^Citation28	F	43	Incidental	No	RN	NED	3
Our case	F	46	Incidental	No	PN	NED	3

Abbreviations: M, ale; F, female; L, left; R, right; LN, lymph nodes; FNA, fine needle aspiration; RN, radical nephrectomy; PN, partial nephrectomy; HSK; horseshoe kidney; MT, mature teratoma; NS, not stated; NED, no evidence of disease.

Table 2 Pathologic Features of the Patients

Reference	Side	Size (cm)	Gross Pathology	Pathologic Stage
Ouyang et al^Citation7	L	3.5	Solid	T1N0M0
Li et al^Citation8	L	6	NS	T1N0M0
Lamb et al^Citation9	L	4.5	NS	T1N0M0
Korkmaz et al^Citation6	L	8.5	NS	T2N1M1
Kuba et al^Citation10	R	5.2	Cystic-solid	T1N0M0
Lin et al^Citation11	L	5	Solid	T1N0M0
Seker et al^Citation12	L	1.8	Solid	T1N0M0
Hartman et al^Citation13	R	14.5	NS	T2N0M0
Kiratli et al^Citation14	R	NS	Solid	T1N0M1
Gu et al^Citation15	R	7	Solid	T4N0M0
	L	6	Solid	T1N0M0
Rosenberg et al^Citation16	R	3.4	NS	T3N0M0
	R	8	NS	T3N0M0
	R	11	NS	T3N0M0
	R	10.1	NS	T3N0M0
	R	3.1	NS	T4N0M0
Sun et al^Citation17	R	2.4	Cystic-solid	T1N1M0
Chen et al^Citation18	R	2.4	Solid	T1N0M0
Kim et al^Citation19	L	2	Solid, necrosis	T1N0M0
Anderson et al^Citation20	R	1.5	Solid	T3N1M1
Daboul et al^Citation21	R	4.5	Solid	T3N0M0
Kanodia et al^Citation22	L	22	Solid	T3N0M0
Jabaji et al^Citation23	R	4.4	Cystic-solid, necrosis	T1N0M0
Yoon et al^Citation24	L	8	Cystic-solid	T2N0M0
Arshad et al^Citation25	R	NS	Solid	NS
Salehipour et al^Citation26	L	4.3	Solid	T1N0M1
Linke et al^Citation27	R	3.9	Solid	T1N1M0
Kato et al^Citation28	R	3	Solid	T1N0M0
Our case	L	3.8	Cystic-solid	T1N0M0

Abbreviations: L, left; R, right; NS, not stated.

Table 3 Immunohistochemical Features of the Patients

Reference	Syn	Cg A	NSE	CD56	CD10	CK7	CK20	TTF-1	Vim	Ki-67
Ouyang et al^Citation7	+	+	+	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
Li et al^Citation8	+	+	+	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
Lamb et al^Citation9	+	+	NS	+	-	-	-	-	NS	NS
Korkmaz et al^Citation6	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	NS	NS
Kuba et al^Citation10	+	+	+	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
Lin et al^Citation11	+	+	NS	-	NS	NS	NS	NS	+	2%
Seker et al^Citation12	+	+	NS	NS	-	-	NS	NS	-	8%
Hartman et al^Citation13	+++	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	-	NS	NS
Kiratli et al^Citation14	+	+	NS	NS	NS	-	NS	-	NS	NS
Gu et al^Citation15	++	+	NS	+++	-	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
	+	-	NS	+	-	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
Rosenberg et al^Citation16	+	+	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	<2%
	+++	+++	NS	+++	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	5%
	+	-	NS	+	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	5%
	+	+	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	10%–15%
	+	+	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	15%
Sun et al^Citation17	+	+	NS	+	NS	NS	NS	NS	-	NS
Chen et al^Citation18	+	NS	NS	+	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	2%
Kim et al^Citation19	+	+	NS	+		NS-	NS	NS	NS	NS
Anderson et al^Citation20	+++	+++	NS	NS	NS	+++	NS	NS	NS	NS
Daboul et al^Citation21	+	+	NS	NS	NS	+	NS	NS	NS	NS
Kanodia et al^Citation22	+	+	+	NS	NS	NS	-	NS	-	NS
Jabaji et al^Citation23	+	+	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	<2%
Yoon et al^Citation24	NS	+++	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	+++	NS
Arshad et al^Citation25	+	+	NS	NS	NS	-	NS	NS	NS	NS
Salehipour et al^Citation26	+	+	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	<3%
Linke et al^Citation27	+++	+++	NS	NS	NS	-	-	NS	NS	<2%
Kato et al^Citation28	+	+	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	10%
Our case	+	NS	+	+	-	-	-	-	NS	<2%

Abbreviations: Cg A, chromogranin A; Syn, synaptophysin; NSE, neuron specific enolase; TTF-1, Thyroid transcription factor-1; Vim, vimentin; NS, not stated; +, positive; -, negative.

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