Translation, Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Hill Bone Compliance to High Blood Pressure Therapy Scale to Nepalese Language

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Respondents (n =282)

Parameters		Frequency	Percentage (%)
Age (years)	Below 40	30	10.6
(Mean±SD = 58.49±12.44)	41–60	125	44.4
	Above 61	127	45
Sex	Male	148	52.5
	Female	134	47.5
Residence	Urban	177	62.8
	Rural	105	37.2
Education status	Illiterate	70	24.8
	Literate	212	75.2
Marital status	Married	252	89.4
	Unmarried	2	0.6
	Divorced/separated	5	1.8
	Widow/widower	23	8.2
Family type	Nuclear	129	45.7
	Joint	153	54.3
Employment status	Employed	37	13.1
	Unemployed	34	12.1
	Retired	76	27
	Household	66	23.4
	Self-employed	69	24.4

Table 2 Health-Related Characteristics of Respondents (n =282)

Characteristics		Frequency	Percentage (%)
Family history of HTN	Yes	119	42.2
Relation with patient (among n=119)	Spouse	35	29.4
	Parents (father/mother)	50	41.0
	Sibling	17	14.3
	Offspring	17	14.3
Presence of comorbidity	Yes	135	47.9
Comorbid condition (n=135)	Diabetes	71	52.6
	Heart disease	21	15.6
	Thyroid disease	10	7.4
	Gastritis	7	5.3
	Kidney disease	6	4.4
	Other (arthritis, COPD, asthma cancer, gout, etc.)	14	10.3
Number of medications per day	1	241	85.5
	2	33	11.7
	3	8	2.8
Medications consumed by patients	Amlodipine only	197	69.9
	Losartan only	19	6.7
	Metoprolol only	8	2.8
	Combination of medicines (amlodipine, losartan, atenolol, ramipril, prazosin, etc.)	58	20.6
Duration of diagnosis (years) (mean± SD)		7.34±6.54
Duration of medications (years) (mean± SD)		6.37±5.92
Systolic BP (mm of Hg) (mean± SD)		126.76±13.66
Diastolic BP (mm of Hg) (mean± SD)		82.16±8.33

Table 3 Summary of Participants’ Response to HBTCS (n =282)

Subscales	Level of Adherence	Frequency	Percentage
Adherence to medication taking (9 items)	Perfect adherence (score = 9)	127	45.0
	Non- adherence (score >9)	155	55.0
Adherence to reduce salt intake (3 items)	Perfect adherence (score = 3)	82	29.1
	Non- adherence (score >3)	200	70.9
Adherence to appointment keeping (3 items)	Perfect adherence (score = 2)	175	62.1
	Non- adherence (score >2)	107	37.9
Overall treatment adherence (14 items)	Perfect adherence (score =14)	30	10.6
	Non- adherence (score >14)	252	89.4

Table 4 KMO and Bartlett’s Test

Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy		0.877
Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity	Approx. Chi-Square	1374.657
	Df	91
	Sig.	<0.001

Table 5 Exploratory Factor Analysis by Varimax Rotation with Kaiser’s Normalization^a

Items	Name of Items	Original Domain	Component
			1	2	3
12	How often do you miss taking your HBP pills when you feel sick?	Medicine-taking	0.720	0.164	0.155
14	How often do you miss taking your HBP pills when you are careless?	Medicine-taking	0.710	0.323	0.206
8	How often do you forget to get prescriptions filled?	Medicine-taking	0.704	0.255	−0.108
9	How often do you run out of HBP pills?	Medicine-taking	0.700	0.260	0.023
11	How often do you miss taking your HBP pills when you feel better?	Medicine-taking	0.695	0.189	0.236
2	How often do you decide NOT to take your HBP medicine?	Medicine-taking	0.678	0.174	0.086
10	How often do you skip your HBP medicine before you go to the doctor?	Medicine-taking	0.629	0.222	0.233
1	How often do you forget to take your HBP medicine?	Medicine-taking	0.624	−0.053	0.124
6	How often do you make the next appointment before you leave the doctor’s office?	Appointment-Keeping	0.239	0.760	−0.040
4	How often do you add salt to your food before you eat it?	Reduce salt intake	0.173	0.722	0.229
3	How often do you eat salty food?	Reduce salt intake	0.089	0.664	0.334
7	How often do you miss scheduled appointments?	Appointment-Keeping	0.236	0.622	−0.066
5	How often do you eat fast food?	Reduce salt intake	0.079	0.084	0.733
13	How often do you take someone else’s HBP pills?	Medicine-taking	0.258	0.096	0.723

Notes: ^aRotation converged in 5 iterations. Bold number indicate highest loading value.

Figure 1 Scree test.

Table 6 Chi-Square Test of Adherence Level with Duration of Medication and Medication Number

Potential Known Predictors of Medication Adherence	Adherence to Medication Taking (9 Items)		Overall Treatment Adherence (14 Items)
	Perfect Adherence (Score = 9)	Non- Adherence (Score >9)	Perfect Adherence (Score = 14)	Non- Adherence (Score >14)
Duration of medication
10 or less than 10 years	97	133	18	212
More than 10 years	30	22	12	40
Chi-square	4.126		10.376
p-value	0.042*		0.001**
Medication number
One pill	110	131	25	216
More than one pill	17	24	5	36
Chi-square	0.247		1.22
p-value	0.619		0.727

Notes: **Significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed) *Significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

Table 7 Reliability Analysis of Nepali Version of Hill Bone Questionnaires (n =282)

Items	Corrected Item-Total Correlation	Squared Multiple Correlation	Cronbach’s Alpha if Item Deleted
1	0.412	0.268	0.841
2	0.556	0.419	0.832
3	0.438	0.341	0.840
4	0.504	0.398	0.835
5	0.248	0.138	0.855
6	0.509	0.384	0.837
7	0.439	0.292	0.840
8	0.558	0.481	0.832
9	0.610	0.510	0.829
10	0.592	0.455	0.835
11	0.621	0.570	0.829
12	0.606	0.545	0.831
13	0.397	0.217	0.843
14	0.713	0.571	0.828

Note: Composite Cronbach’s alpha 0.846.