Time Perspectives and Delay of Gratification – The Role of Psychological Distance Toward the Future and Perceived Possibility of Getting a Future Reward

Figures & data

Table 1 Sample Characteristics

Variable	Sample Statistics
Age (years)
Mean (SD)	22.36 (2.60)
Sex (%)
Men	35.6
Women	64.4
Impulsivity
Mean (SD)	2.20 (0.35)
Perceived Economic Level
Mean (SD)	53.56 (16.72)
Time Perspectives (M, SD)
Past-Positive	2.91 (0.64)
Past-Negative	3.69 (0.53)
Present-Hedonistic	3.33 (0.52)
Present-Fatalistic	2.64 (0.57)
Future-Positive	3.46 (0.54)
Future-Negative	3.09 (0.45)

Table 2 Analysis of Hierarchical Regression for the Prediction of Delay of Gratification

Model	Variables	B	SE	β	t	p	R^2	AdjR^2	F(p)
1	Impulsivity	−1182.79	294.76	−0.37	−4.01	<0.001			9.01 (<.001)
	Economic Level	9.08	6.25	0.13	1.45	0.15	0.15	0.14
2	Impulsivity	36.92	402.88	0.01	0.09	0.93	0.44	0.4	9.25(<.001)
	Economic Level	7.25	5.53	0.11	1.31	0.19
	Past-Positive	578.07	199.84	0.27	2.9	<0.01
	Past-Negative	630.94	184.91	0.36	3.41	<0.01
	Present-Hedonistic	−1219.61	292.1	−0.55	−4.18	<0.001
	Present-Fatalistic	182.33	212.38	0.09	0.86	0.4
	Future-Positive	611.65	234.58	0.29	2.61	<0.05
	Future-Negative	−485.25	241.9	−0.2	−2.01	<0.05

Figure 1 Standardized regression coefficients for the pathways among present-hedonistic time perspective, perceived possibility of getting a future reward, and delay of gratification.

Notes:: *p < 0.05; **p <0.001.

Figure 2 Standardized regression coefficients for the pathways among future-positive time perspective, perceived possibility of getting a future reward, and delay of gratification.

Note:: *p <0.001.

Figure 3 Standardized regression coefficients for the pathways among future-negative time perspective, perceived possibility of getting a future reward, and delay of gratification.

Notes:: *p < 0.01; **p <0.001.