The Effects of Leaders’ Prosocial Orientation on Employees’ Organizational Citizenship Behavior – The Roles of Affective Commitment and Workplace Ostracism

Figures & data

Figure 1 Theoretical model.

Table 1 Confirmatory Factor Analysis

Models	χ^2	df	χ^2/df	RMSEA	GFI	IFI	CFI
Five-factor model: LPO, AC, AOCB, COCB, WO	657.602	421	1.562	0.028	0.912	0.936	0.936
Four-factor model: LPO+AC, AOCB, COCB, WO	1237.218	428	2.891	0.086	0.710	0.738	0.735
Three-factor model: LPO+AC+AOCB, COCB, WO	1429.290	431	3.316	0.095	0.679	0.676	0.673
Two-factor model: LPO+AC+AOCB+COCB, WO	1528.702	433	3.530	0.099	0.665	0.645	0.641
One-factor model: LPO+AC+ACOCB+COCB+WO	1887.815	434	4.350	0.114	0.611	0.528	0.523

Abbreviations: LPO, leader’s prosocial orientation; AC, affective commitment; AOCB, affiliation-oriented organizational citizenship behavior; COCB, challenge-oriented organizational citizenship behavior; WO, workplace ostracism.

Table 2 Descriptive Statistics and Correlation Analysis

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
1. Gender	1
2. Age	−0.030	1
3. Working years	−0.009	0.111	1
4. Educational background	−0.027	0.090	0.276**	1
5.LPO	−0.154*	−0.118	0.150*	0.029	1
6.AC	−0.002	−0.126*	0.136*	0.010	0.265**	1
7.WO	−0.014	−0.021	−0.025	−0.039	0.285**	−0.172**	1
8.AOCB	−0.149*	−0.096	0.064	0.036	0.643**	0.274**	0.165**	1
9.COCB	−0.075	−0.135*	0.123*	0.058	0.532**	0.280**	0.197**	0.445**	1
Mean value	1.400	2.190	2.190	2.820	3.652	3.562	3.157	3.599	3.556
Standard deviation	0.491	0.695	0.592	1.045	0.718	0.833	1.037	0.729	0.727

Note: *p<0.05, **p<0.01.

Table 3 The Analysis Results of the Main Effect and Mediating Effect

Variables	Affiliation-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior			Challenge-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior
	M1	M2	M3	M4	M5	M6
Control Variables
Gender	−0.224*	−0.075	−0.080	−0.115	0.005	−0.002
Age	−0.115	−0.021	−0.008	−0.162*	−0.086	−0.070
Working years	0.085	−0.046	−0.063	0.160*	0.055	0.035
Education background	0.016	0.019	0.021	0.024	0.027	0.029
Independent Variables
Leader’s prosocial orientation		0.648***	0.619***		0.521***	0.487***
Mediating variables
Affective commitment			0.103*			0.122*
R^2	0.038	0.418	0.430	0.045	0.292	0.310
ΔR^2	0.038	0.380	0.013	0.045	0.247	0.018
F	2.496*	36.041***	31.491***	2.949*	20.713***	18.713***

Note: *p<0.05, ***p<0.001.

Table 4 Analysis Results of the Moderating Effect

Variables	Affective Commitment
	M1	M2	M3	M4
Control Variables
Gender	0.001	0.075	0.106	0.096
Age	−0.015	−0.002	0.019	0.023
Working years	0.200**	0.129	0.076	0.080
Education background	0.011	0.015	0.001	−0.002
Independent Variables
Leader’s prosocial orientation		0.282***	0.397***	0.355***
Mediating variables
Workplace Ostracism			−0.286***	−0.269***
Interaction items
Leader’s prosocial orientation and workplace ostracism				−0.098*
R^2	0.019	0.069	0.181	0.190
ΔR^2	0.019	0.050	0.112	0.008
F	2.062	6.186***	15.371***	13.873***

Note: *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.

Figure 2 The moderating effects of workplace ostracism on the relationship between leader’s prosocial orientation and employees’ affective commitment.

Note: ^ΔLow workplace ostracism; ^■high workplace ostracism.

Table 5 Path Analysis Results of the Moderated Mediating Effects

Dependent Variable	Workplace Ostracism	Indirect Effect	SE	BootLLCI	BootULCI
Affiliation-oriented organizational citizenship behavior	Low workplace ostracism (M-1SD)	0.108	0.047	0.044	0.227
	High workplace ostracism (M+1SD)	0.007	0.013	−0.016	0.038
	High-low workplace ostracism difference	0.101	0.033	−0.146	−0.017
Challenge-oriented organizational citizenship behavior	Low workplace ostracism (M-1SD)	0.105	0.042	0.036	0.202
	High workplace ostracism (M+1SD)	0.021	0.017	−0.005	0.060
	High-low workplace ostracism difference	0.084	0.029	−0.114	−0.003