Internet Use and Academic Achievement Among Chinese Adolescents: Examining the Mediating Role of Future Orientation in a Rural-Urban Dual System

Figures & data

Figure 1 Hypothesized moderated mediation mediation.

Table 1 Summary of Means (M), Standard Deviations (SD), and Inter-Correlations

	M	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6
1. Gender	–	–	1
2. Grade	–	–	−0.02	1
3. Internet use	2.56	0.68	0.05	0.07*	1
4. Future orientation	3.43	0.61	0.02	−0.08**	0.16**	1
5. Academic achievement	0.00	1.00	0.06*	0.00	0.16**	0.23**	1
6. Urban-rural areas	–	–	−0.05*	0.11**	0.18**	0.20**	0.16**	1

Note: Gender and urban-rural areas were dummy variables, male/rural =0, female /urban =1; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.

Table 2 Description and Comparison of Key Variables on Rural and Urban Adolescents

Variable	Areas	M	SD	t
Internet use	Rural	2.44	0.69	−6.83***
	Urban	2.69	0.63
Future orientation	Rural	3.31	0.56	−7.42***
	Urban	3.56	0.63
Academic achievement	Rural	−0.16	1.22	−6.02***
	Urban	0.17	0.66

Note: ***p < 0.001.

Table 3 A Moderated Mediation Model

Regression Model		Goodness-of-Fit Index			Regression Coefficient
DV	IV	R	R^2	F	B	t	p	LLCI	ULCI
Academic achievement		0.15	0.02	9.01***
	Grade				−0.01	−0.09	0.93	−0.07	0.07
	Gender				0.06	1.17	0.24	−0.04	0.17
	Internet use				0.14	5.01	0.00	0.08	0.19
Future orientation		0.27	0.07	19.48***
	Grade				−0.15	−4.11	0.00	−0.22	−0.08
	Gender				0.05	0.86	0.39	−0.06	0.16
	Internet use				0.22	5.76	0.00	0.14	0.29
	Urban-rural areas				0.37	6.63	0.00	0.26	0.48
	Internet use ×Urban-rural areas				−0.18	−3.24	0.00	−0.29	−0.07
Academic achievement		0.25	0.06	20.39***
	Grade				0.02	0.58	0.56	−0.05	0.09
	Gender				0.06	1.09	0.28	−0.05	0.16
	Internet use				0.10	3.85	0.00	0.05	0.16
	Future orientation				0.20	7.31	0.00	0.15	0.25

Note: ***p < 0.001.

Abbreviations: DV, Dependent Variable; IV, Independent Variables; LLCI, Lower Limit Confidence Interval; ULCI, Upper Limit Confidence Interval.

Figure 2 The Moderating Role of Urban and Rural areas in the Relation between Internet Use and Future Orientation.

Abbreviations: M, Means; SD, Standard Deviations.